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with the structures that are emphasized in the ïnterpretation” below. Compare the structure of the three different leaves.

with the structures that are emphasized in the ïnterpretation” below. Compare the structure of the three different leaves.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Label Figures 6.3., 6.4., and 6.5. with the structures that are emphasized in the ïnterpretation” below. Compare the structure of the three different leaves. 

**Figure 6.5. Pine (*Pinus*) Leaf Cross Section** The diagram illustrates the cross-sectional structure of a pine leaf, detailing its various components: 1. **Cuticle**: The outermost layer providing protection. 2. **Epidermis**: A single layer of cells beneath the cuticle, serving as additional protection. 3. **Hypodermis**: Located under the epidermis, consisting of thicker-walled cells for support. 4. **Mesophyll**: Composed of cells where photosynthesis primarily occurs. 5. **Endodermis**: Surrounds the vascular bundle, regulating movement of substances. 6. **Resin Canal**: Channels for resin, a protective substance. 7. **Phloem**: Part of the vascular bundle, responsible for transporting nutrients. 8. **Xylem**: Also part of the vascular bundle, mainly responsible for water transport. 9. **Stomata**: Openings for gas exchange, usually bordered by two guard cells. The structure is specialized for the pine leaf’s functions, particularly in managing water efficiently and maintaining photosynthesis in varying conditions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Figure 6.5. Pine (*Pinus*) Leaf Cross Section** The diagram illustrates the cross-sectional structure of a pine leaf, detailing its various components: 1. **Cuticle**: The outermost layer providing protection. 2. **Epidermis**: A single layer of cells beneath the cuticle, serving as additional protection. 3. **Hypodermis**: Located under the epidermis, consisting of thicker-walled cells for support. 4. **Mesophyll**: Composed of cells where photosynthesis primarily occurs. 5. **Endodermis**: Surrounds the vascular bundle, regulating movement of substances. 6. **Resin Canal**: Channels for resin, a protective substance. 7. **Phloem**: Part of the vascular bundle, responsible for transporting nutrients. 8. **Xylem**: Also part of the vascular bundle, mainly responsible for water transport. 9. **Stomata**: Openings for gas exchange, usually bordered by two guard cells. The structure is specialized for the pine leaf’s functions, particularly in managing water efficiently and maintaining photosynthesis in varying conditions.
### Figure 6.3: Lilac (Syringa) Leaf Cross-Section This diagram illustrates the cross-section of a lilac leaf, showing the detailed structures within. The diagram features an upper epidermis comprised of tightly packed cells forming a protective outer layer. Below this is the palisade mesophyll, characterized by elongated cells arranged perpendicularly to the epidermis, optimizing light absorption for photosynthesis. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy mesophyll, consisting of loosely arranged cells with spaces that facilitate gas exchange. Among these cells, a network of veins can be seen, crucial for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars. The lower epidermis, similar to the upper, encases the leaf’s structure and includes stomata, which are small openings facilitating gas exchange. ### Figure 6.4: Monocot Leaf Cross-Section In the monocot leaf cross-section, we observe a more uniform arrangement compared to the dicot. The epidermis, both upper and lower, encapsulates the leaf, providing protection. The monocot leaf features a distinct arrangement of vascular bundles distributed evenly throughout the mesophyll, rather than being concentrated in a central vein as in dicots. These vascular bundles are surrounded by a sheath of bundle sheath cells. The mesophyll, instead of being distinctly divided into palisade and spongy layers, consists of a more homogenous tissue in monocots, facilitating photosynthesis and gas exchange collectively throughout the leaf. Both diagrams highlight functional adaptations to environmental demands and photosynthetic efficiency in different plant types.
Transcribed Image Text:### Figure 6.3: Lilac (Syringa) Leaf Cross-Section This diagram illustrates the cross-section of a lilac leaf, showing the detailed structures within. The diagram features an upper epidermis comprised of tightly packed cells forming a protective outer layer. Below this is the palisade mesophyll, characterized by elongated cells arranged perpendicularly to the epidermis, optimizing light absorption for photosynthesis. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy mesophyll, consisting of loosely arranged cells with spaces that facilitate gas exchange. Among these cells, a network of veins can be seen, crucial for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars. The lower epidermis, similar to the upper, encases the leaf’s structure and includes stomata, which are small openings facilitating gas exchange. ### Figure 6.4: Monocot Leaf Cross-Section In the monocot leaf cross-section, we observe a more uniform arrangement compared to the dicot. The epidermis, both upper and lower, encapsulates the leaf, providing protection. The monocot leaf features a distinct arrangement of vascular bundles distributed evenly throughout the mesophyll, rather than being concentrated in a central vein as in dicots. These vascular bundles are surrounded by a sheath of bundle sheath cells. The mesophyll, instead of being distinctly divided into palisade and spongy layers, consists of a more homogenous tissue in monocots, facilitating photosynthesis and gas exchange collectively throughout the leaf. Both diagrams highlight functional adaptations to environmental demands and photosynthetic efficiency in different plant types.
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