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Winter is here! With winter comes the danger of ice on roads. While this isn't a huge problem in Seattle, it is a very big problem in other cities. To make roads safer for travel many cities use de-icing agents to reduce the freezing point of water and prevent the accumulation of ice. When choosing a de-icing agent cities need to weigh the effectiveness of lowering the freezing point of water with the environmental impacts to water ways and plants. Increasing the concentration of chloride ions can kill the plants near roads, increase the corrosiveness of a city's water supply, and is toxic to some aquatic life. It can even hurt dog's paws when used on sidewalks. Your task is to help Cincinnati, OH decide which de-icer to use in 2021 on its city streets. The city is trying to decide between using 38% m/v aqueous solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, and a 25% m/v aqueous solution of calcium magnesium acetate, CaMg(C2H3O2)4. The cities first priority is keeping the roads safe to drive on by clearing the ice. But the city residents are also demanding that the city try to protect plants and waterways by using a salt without chloride ions. Use the information below to decide which de-icer the city should use in 2021. You answer should be given as a paragraph using claim- evidence-reasoning (CER), or a similar, format. Be sure to show all work for any calculations performed.

Winter is here! With winter comes the danger of ice on roads. While this isn't a huge problem in Seattle, it is a very big problem in other cities. To make roads safer for travel many cities use de-icing agents to reduce the freezing point of water and prevent the accumulation of ice. When choosing a de-icing agent cities need to weigh the effectiveness of lowering the freezing point of water with the environmental impacts to water ways and plants. Increasing the concentration of chloride ions can kill the plants near roads, increase the corrosiveness of a city's water supply, and is toxic to some aquatic life. It can even hurt dog's paws when used on sidewalks. Your task is to help Cincinnati, OH decide which de-icer to use in 2021 on its city streets. The city is trying to decide between using 38% m/v aqueous solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, and a 25% m/v aqueous solution of calcium magnesium acetate, CaMg(C2H3O2)4. The cities first priority is keeping the roads safe to drive on by clearing the ice. But the city residents are also demanding that the city try to protect plants and waterways by using a salt without chloride ions. Use the information below to decide which de-icer the city should use in 2021. You answer should be given as a paragraph using claim- evidence-reasoning (CER), or a similar, format. Be sure to show all work for any calculations performed.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Assume a volume of the solution, and calculate the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution. Convert the mass of the solute into the number of moles of solute Convert the mass of the solute into the volume of the solute. Use this information with your assumed solution volume to determine the volume of solvent. Convert the volume of solvent into the mass of solvent in kg. Calculate the molality of the solution. Determine the theoretical van hoft factor for each solute. Calculate the change in freezing point for the solution compared to water. Cincinnati's Weather Cincinnati's Average Winter Low Temperature = -4°C Cincinnati's Lowest Winter Temperatures in the past 10 years: %3D 5 of the 10 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -22°C and -24°C. The other 5 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -12°C and -18°C. 2021 is predicted to be a warmer than normal winter for Cincinnati. Chemical Information Normal Compound Molar Mass Density KF Freezing Point H20 18.015 g/mole assume 1.000 g/mL 1.86 °C/m 0.0°C CaCl2 110.98 g/mole 2.150 g/mL NA NA CaMg(C2H3O2)4 300.56 g/mole 0.641 g/mL NA NA
Transcribed Image Text:Assume a volume of the solution, and calculate the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution. Convert the mass of the solute into the number of moles of solute Convert the mass of the solute into the volume of the solute. Use this information with your assumed solution volume to determine the volume of solvent. Convert the volume of solvent into the mass of solvent in kg. Calculate the molality of the solution. Determine the theoretical van hoft factor for each solute. Calculate the change in freezing point for the solution compared to water. Cincinnati's Weather Cincinnati's Average Winter Low Temperature = -4°C Cincinnati's Lowest Winter Temperatures in the past 10 years: %3D 5 of the 10 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -22°C and -24°C. The other 5 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -12°C and -18°C. 2021 is predicted to be a warmer than normal winter for Cincinnati. Chemical Information Normal Compound Molar Mass Density KF Freezing Point H20 18.015 g/mole assume 1.000 g/mL 1.86 °C/m 0.0°C CaCl2 110.98 g/mole 2.150 g/mL NA NA CaMg(C2H3O2)4 300.56 g/mole 0.641 g/mL NA NA
Winter is here! With winter comes the danger of ice on roads. While this isn't a huge problem in Seattle, it is a very big problem in other cities. To make roads safer for travel many cities use de-icing agents to reduce the freezing point of water and prevent the accumulation of ice. When choosing a de-icing agent cities need to weigh the effectiveness of lowering the freezing point of water with the environmental impacts to water ways and plants. Increasing the concentration of chloride ions can kill the plants near roads, increase the corrosiveness of a city's water supply, and is toxic to some aquatic life. It can even hurt dog's paws when used on sidewalks. Your task is to help Cincinnati, OH decide which de-icer to use in 2021 on its city streets. The city is trying to decide between using 38% m/v aqueous solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, and a 25% m/v aqueous solution of calcium magnesium acetate, CaMg(C2H3O2)4. The cities first priority is keeping the roads safe to drive on by clearing the ice. But the city residents are also demanding that the city try to protect plants and waterways by using a salt without chloride ions. Use the information below to decide which de-icer the city should use in 2021. You answer should be given as a paragraph using claim- evidence-reasoning (CER), or a similar, format. Be sure to show all work for any calculations performed.
Transcribed Image Text:Winter is here! With winter comes the danger of ice on roads. While this isn't a huge problem in Seattle, it is a very big problem in other cities. To make roads safer for travel many cities use de-icing agents to reduce the freezing point of water and prevent the accumulation of ice. When choosing a de-icing agent cities need to weigh the effectiveness of lowering the freezing point of water with the environmental impacts to water ways and plants. Increasing the concentration of chloride ions can kill the plants near roads, increase the corrosiveness of a city's water supply, and is toxic to some aquatic life. It can even hurt dog's paws when used on sidewalks. Your task is to help Cincinnati, OH decide which de-icer to use in 2021 on its city streets. The city is trying to decide between using 38% m/v aqueous solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, and a 25% m/v aqueous solution of calcium magnesium acetate, CaMg(C2H3O2)4. The cities first priority is keeping the roads safe to drive on by clearing the ice. But the city residents are also demanding that the city try to protect plants and waterways by using a salt without chloride ions. Use the information below to decide which de-icer the city should use in 2021. You answer should be given as a paragraph using claim- evidence-reasoning (CER), or a similar, format. Be sure to show all work for any calculations performed.
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