Willingham Consumer Protection Department Willingham Consumer Protection Department (WCPD) is responsible for administering all weights and measures laws in its area of North Carolina. A part of its service makes sure that packages of food and drink contain the quantities stated. One week, WCPD decided to test containers of milk. Most of these tests were done at dairies, where procedures and historical data were also examined, with other random samples taken from local shops and milk delivery services. On two consecutive days WCPD bought 50 containers with a nominal content of 4 pints or 2.27 litres. The actual contents of these, in litres, are as follows. · Day 1: 2.274 2.275 2.276 2.270 2.269 2.271 2.265 2.275 2.263 2.278 2.260 2.278 2.280 2.275 2.261 2.280 2.279 2.270 2.275 2.263 2.275 2.281 2.266 2.277 2.271 2.273 2.283 2.260 2.259 2.276 2.286 2.275 2.271 2.273 2.291 2.271 2.269 2.265 2.258 2.283 2.274 2.278 2.276 2.281 2.269 2.259 2.291 2.289 2.276 2.283 · Day 2: 2.270 2.276 2.258 2.259 2.281 2.265 2.278 2.270 2.294 2.255 2.271 2.284 2.276 2.293 2.261 2.270 2.271 2.276 2.269 2.268 2.272 2.272 2.273 2.280 2.281 2.276 2.263 2.260 2.295 2.257 2.248 2.276 2.284 2.276 2.270 2.271 When they were collecting these figures, WCPD inspectors were convinced that there were no problems with the main dairies, but some small operations were not so reliable. This was because large dairies invariably used modern, well-designed equipment, and they employed special quality assurance staff. Smaller operators tended to use older, less reliable equipment and could not afford to run a quality assurance department. Two companies, in particular, were identified as needing further checks. WCPD took random samples of 15 containers from each of these dairies, with these results: Company 1: 2.261 2.273 2.250 2.268 2.268 2.262 2.272 2.269 2.268 2.257 2.260 2.270 2.254 2.249 2.267 Company 2: 2.291 2.265 2.283 2.275 2.248 2.286 2.268 2.271 2.284 2.256 2.284 2.255 2.283 2.275 2.276 Question 1. What could the milk inspectors report about their findings? What follow-up action could they recommend? Are there any improvements they could make to their data collection and analysis?
Willingham Consumer Protection Department
Willingham Consumer Protection Department (WCPD) is responsible for administering all weights and measures laws in its area of North Carolina. A part of its service makes sure that packages of food and drink contain the quantities stated. One week, WCPD decided to test containers of milk. Most of these tests were done at dairies, where procedures and historical data were also examined, with other random samples taken from local shops and milk delivery services. On two consecutive days WCPD bought 50 containers with a nominal content of 4 pints or 2.27 litres. The actual contents of these, in litres, are as follows.
· Day 1: 2.274 2.275 2.276 2.270 2.269 2.271
2.265 2.275 2.263 2.278 2.260 2.278
2.280 2.275 2.261 2.280 2.279 2.270
2.275 2.263 2.275 2.281 2.266 2.277
2.271 2.273 2.283 2.260 2.259 2.276
2.286 2.275 2.271 2.273 2.291 2.271
2.269 2.265 2.258 2.283 2.274 2.278
2.276 2.281 2.269 2.259 2.291 2.289
2.276 2.283
· Day 2: 2.270 2.276 2.258 2.259 2.281 2.265
2.278 2.270 2.294 2.255 2.271 2.284
2.276 2.293 2.261 2.270 2.271 2.276
2.269 2.268 2.272 2.272 2.273 2.280
2.281 2.276 2.263 2.260 2.295 2.257
2.248 2.276 2.284 2.276 2.270 2.271
When they were collecting these figures, WCPD inspectors were convinced that there were no problems with the main dairies, but some small operations were not so reliable. This was because large dairies invariably used modern, well-designed equipment, and they employed special quality assurance staff. Smaller operators tended to use older, less reliable equipment and could not afford to run a quality assurance department. Two companies, in particular, were identified as needing further checks. WCPD took random samples of 15 containers from each of these dairies, with these results:
Company 1: 2.261 2.273 2.250 2.268 2.268
2.262 2.272 2.269 2.268 2.257
2.260 2.270 2.254 2.249 2.267
Company 2: 2.291 2.265 2.283 2.275 2.248
2.286 2.268 2.271 2.284 2.256
2.284 2.255 2.283 2.275 2.276
Question
1. What could the milk inspectors report about their findings? What follow-up action could they recommend? Are there any improvements they could make to their data collection and analysis?
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