Why is Iodide(I-) the most interesting qualitative test for the identification of an anion?

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Why is Iodide(I-) the most interesting qualitative test for the identification of an anion?

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Iodide anion exhibits some of the most interesting qualitative analysis tests in chemistry.

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Chlorine water test

Iodine liberated in this test being soluble in a non-polar solvent like heptane imparts a violet color to this layer and slight orange color to aqueous layer because solution of iodine (I2) and iodide (I) in water has a light orange-brown color.

2 I-  + Cl2  2Cl-  +  I2

The two layers will be having different colors.

Starch - Iodide test

Nitrites react with potassium iodide in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid to liberate iodine. Iodine forms a blue-black complex with starch.

KI + 2H2SO4  +2HNO2   2KHSO4 +I2+2NO  +H2O              I2 + starch  deep blue complex

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