Why is Bezoic acid non polar, while its conjugate base is a polar molecule?


Given benzoic acid ,C6H5COOH is a non polar Molecule, because it contains non polar , hydrophobic phenyl ring , as a major part.
It also contains carboxylic acid part , which is slightly polar in nature , and hydrophilic in nature.
When it is treated with sodium or sodium hydroxide NaOH then it gives sodium benzoate -
C6H5COOH + Na ------> C6H5COONa + 1/2H2
C6H5COOH + NaOH ------> C6H5COONa + H2O
Sodium benzoate , is completely soluble in water , and contain sodium cation with benzoate anion -
C6H5COONa -------> C6H5COO- + Na+
Thus, it is polar in nature.
The benzoic acid and it's conjugate base can be related as -
C6H5COOH <===> C6H5COO- + H+
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