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Why is advantageous for farmers to alternate yearly planting of leguminous and non-leguminous crops in their fields?
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- Why is leguminous crop rotation used in agriculture?The following four chemicals commonly found in defined growth media contain all of the necessary atomic macronutrients, namely C, O, N, H, S and P, which microbes require: glucose (C6H12O6), K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, and (NH4)HPO4. Part a. Create a simple diagram to map which growth media chemical contributes atoms to which of the four biological macromolecules (amino acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and ribonucleic acids). Part b. Consider a cell culture broth that originally (before inoculation with cells) contains 5.0 gr/L glucose (C6H12O6), 1.2 gr/L K2HPO4, 0.3 gr/L MgSO4∙7H2O, and 1.0 gr/L (NH4)HPO4. Create a table showing how much of each of the different atoms (C, H, O, K, P, Mg, S, N) are available for incorporation into cell macromolecules (assume 50% of the glucose is catabolized, while the remainder goes for energy (respiration). Express your answers with units of grams of atomic species / liter of culture broth.Why are vegetables and fruits coated with wax during shipping and upon storage?
- Biofuels offer an attractive alternative to fuel, but there are concerns about the resources and logistics of producing mass amounts of corn. Which organism is being considered as an alternative source of biofuel? A) cyanobacteria B) Escherichia coli C) yeast D) algaeWhere will lignin degrade faster: in a shallow riverbed or in a rice paddy? Explain.Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratoryconditions, one with humus added to the soil and one acontrol without humus. The leaves of the plants grownwithout humus were yellowish (less green) compared withthose of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The bestexplanation is that(A) the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leavesof the humus for energy to make chlorophyll.(B) the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so waterpenetrated more easily to the roots.(C) the humus contained minerals such as magnesium andiron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.(D) the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humuscaused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.
- Switchgrass is used for ethanol production. The composition of the switchgrass is 37% cellulose, 24% xylan, 3% galactan, 4% arabinan, 20% lignin, 7% extractives, and 5% ash. A dilute acid pretreatment method is applied to the switchgrass before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pretreatment hydrolyzes 10% hexosan and 90% pentosan into monomeric sugars. Approximately 30% of the hydrolyzed pentoses further react & are decomposed to furfural. Assume that there is no decomposition of the hydrolyzed hexoses. Further Assume that lignin, extractives, and ash do not change during the pretreatment. • How much of each lignocellulosic sugar (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose) is produced when pretreating 1,000 kg (dry matter) switchgrass? How much furfural is formed? • Is water consumed or produced in these pretreatment hydrolysis and dehydration reactions? How much in each?A 3.0 L batch bioreactor is used to grow E. coli bacteria, which have an initial concentration of 12.5 g cells/L. The growth medium contains two carbon sources, which causes diauxic growth, with each carbon source limiting cell growth. Sufficient supplies of oxygen, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a nitrogen source and all other macro and micronutrients are available. The bacteria prefer to grow on glucose (C6H12O6, supplied at 80 g/L), so it is consumed first, followed by glycerol (C3H803, supplied at 68 g/L). Since the E. coli were already growing on glucose, the lag time associated with glucose consumption is only 10 minutes. The lag time associated with glycerol consumption is 35 minutes. Further information: The chemical formula for E. coli in this bioreactor is CH1.666N0.2000.57. The specific growth rate on glucose is 0.41 h-1, and on glycerol is 0.32 h-1?The yield of cells on glucose is 0.48 g cells/g glucose, and yield on glycerol is 0.39 g cells/g glycerol. You may assume that…A 3.0 L batch bioreactor is used to grow E. coli bacteria, which have an initial concentration of 12.5 g cells/L. The growth medium contains two carbon sources, which causes diauxic growth, with each carbon source limiting cell growth. Sufficient supplies of oxygen, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a nitrogen source and all other macro and micronutrients are available. The bacteria prefer to grow on glucose (C6H12O6, supplied at 80 g/L), so it is consumed first, followed by glycerol (C3H8O3, supplied at 68 g/L). Since the E. coli were already growing on glucose, the lag time associated with glucose consumption is only 10 minutes. The lag time associated with glycerol consumption is 35 minutes. Further information: The chemical formula for E. coli in this bioreactor is CH1.666N0.20O0.57. The specific growth rate on glucose is 0.41 h-1 , and on glycerol is 0.32 h-1 . The yield of cells on glucose is 0.48 g cells/g glucose, and yield on glycerol is 0.39 g cells/g glycerol. You may assume that…
- Beer is produced by yeast fermentation of grain to ethanol. Why must the process of beer production be anaerobic?To digest cellulose in the environment, a fungus produces a (n): endoenzyme exoenzyme catalase polymerase constitutive enzymeWhich of the following formulas are correct regarding productivity? (recall; GPP gross primary production, NPP = net primary production, & R = respiration) Mark only one oval. OA) GPP+R=NPP OB) GPP-R=NPP C) NPP-GPP=R D) NPP-R=GPP Plants assimilate energy through the process of which? Mark only one oval. A) decomposition. B) respiration. C) photosynthesis. V D) regeneration. Net primary productivity in an ecosystem increases as mean annual temperature... Mark only one oval. OA) and mean annual rainfall decrease. B) decreases and mean annual rainfall increases. C) increases and mean annual rainfall decreases. D) and mean annual rainfall increases. G