States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Why does the density of a solid increase with decreasing temperature?
1) Heating a substance causes molecules to speed up and spread slightly further apart, occupying a larger volume that results in a decrease in density.
2) cooling a substance causes molecules to slow down and get slightly closer together, occupying a smaller volume that results in an increase in density.
3) This can be understand by the example of hot and cold water:
a) Hot water is less dense and will float on room- temperature water.
b) Cold water is less dense and will sink in room-temperature water.
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