Why can nitrogen cross the membrane via diffusion through the bilayer and while protons require a protein?
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Why can nitrogen cross the membrane via diffusion through the bilayer and while protons require a protein?
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- The following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportAnswer the following questions about the cell membrane; a) How are the phospholipids in the structure of the cell membrane called due to their tendency towards water?b) How do you interpret the transitions of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances that will pass through the cell membrane and the energy requirement in this context?c) State some of the features that cross the cell membrane and make "porin proteins" specific.d) Briefly clarify the concepts of "acylation", "prenylation" and "GPI stabilizer" in the context of membrane protein interactions.e) When determining ABO Blood Groups, give information about which blood group data can be obtained depending on the interaction of which antigens in the red blood cell and which antibodies in the serum.Which is an example of passive transport? a) A membrane protein uses a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to transport sucrose against its concentration gradient and into a cell b) An ion channel permits sodium ions to diffuse through a cell membrane c) A pump uses ATP as an energy source to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell d) A cell takes in particles by pinocytosis e) The sodium potassium pump transports ions from one side of the membrane to the other, against a concentration gradient
- Why do they do not penetrate through the lipid bilayer?"Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane", is true or false.Match the definitions with the words: Direct Diffusion, Facilitated Transport, Active Transport a) passive movement of molecules through a protein channel, down the solute's concentration gradient b) using a vesicle to move many molecules into a cell c) movement of molecules through a protein transporter, requires ATP, against the solute's concentration gradient
- which of the following do molecules use as transportation when they are too large to move through a cell membrane?1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow. a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why? b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer. 2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.Which of the following is most likely to enter the cell via endocytosis when moving along the concentration gradient? A B с D a small hydrophobic molecule a large hydrophobic molecule a small hydrophilic molecule a large hydrophilic molecule
- Draw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.What is meant by active transport across a cell membrane?Why do these nuclear pores have to be larger in diameter than the channels in the cell’s plasma membrane?