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Why are ceramics weaker in tension, plot their stress strain curve in tension and compression

Why are ceramics weaker in tension, plot their stress strain curve in tension and compression

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Question 7: Why are ceramics weaker in tension? Plot their stress-strain curve in tension and compression.** *Explanation:* Ceramics are generally considered weaker in tension than in compression for several reasons: 1. **Brittleness**: Ceramics are brittle materials, meaning they have little to no plastic deformation before fracture. This characteristic makes them prone to crack initiation and propagation under tensile stress. 2. **Internal Flaws**: Ceramics often contain microcracks or flaws introduced during their creation. Under tensile stress, these flaws tend to open and propagate, leading to failure. 3. **Grain Structure**: The grain structure in ceramics contributes to their directional strength, usually favoring compressive strength over tensile strength. *Stress-Strain Curve Explanation:* In a stress-strain curve for ceramics, you typically observe: - **Plot for Tension**: The curve rises steeply, representing high stiffness, and then abruptly drops when the material fractures, showing little to no yielding. - **Plot for Compression**: The curve is steeper and extends further, indicating a higher compressive strength. Ceramics can support higher stress levels in compression before failure occurs. Visualizing this on a graph: - The **x-axis** represents strain, showing deformation. - The **y-axis** represents stress, showing the applied force. - The tensile curve will show a steep incline and sudden drop. - The compressive curve will extend further with a plateau or end point signifying failure.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 7: Why are ceramics weaker in tension? Plot their stress-strain curve in tension and compression.** *Explanation:* Ceramics are generally considered weaker in tension than in compression for several reasons: 1. **Brittleness**: Ceramics are brittle materials, meaning they have little to no plastic deformation before fracture. This characteristic makes them prone to crack initiation and propagation under tensile stress. 2. **Internal Flaws**: Ceramics often contain microcracks or flaws introduced during their creation. Under tensile stress, these flaws tend to open and propagate, leading to failure. 3. **Grain Structure**: The grain structure in ceramics contributes to their directional strength, usually favoring compressive strength over tensile strength. *Stress-Strain Curve Explanation:* In a stress-strain curve for ceramics, you typically observe: - **Plot for Tension**: The curve rises steeply, representing high stiffness, and then abruptly drops when the material fractures, showing little to no yielding. - **Plot for Compression**: The curve is steeper and extends further, indicating a higher compressive strength. Ceramics can support higher stress levels in compression before failure occurs. Visualizing this on a graph: - The **x-axis** represents strain, showing deformation. - The **y-axis** represents stress, showing the applied force. - The tensile curve will show a steep incline and sudden drop. - The compressive curve will extend further with a plateau or end point signifying failure.
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