Who invented division of labor?
Who invented division of labor?
Sociology is a discipline that has its roots in 18th century Europe. The industrialization and the change in the traditional mode of production to the capitalist mode of production in the European society lead to the social change process. The intellectuals are the ones who witnessed the social change of European society, laid the foundations for the development of sociology as an analytical tool to study the social change process.
Society consists of several functions, and the individuals in society are expected to perform different roles in society, leading to the whole functioning of society. Emile Durkheim is one among the classical sociologists who have worked to develop sociology as an independent field of inquiry. Division of labor is the main concept of Durkheim where he says it as a social fact as he looks at society and explains it through different social facts. as Karl Marx says that the social change process is due to the class struggles that take place in society, but, Durkheim says that the social change process is due to the change in the division of labor historically. Division of labor existed in every form of society, i.e., from the traditional societies to modern society. Modern society is complex, and it has much heterogeneity and fragmentations. Durkheim says that it is the division of labor that holds the society together. Division of labor is the people, and the organizations have roles that have to be performed for the collective functioning of the society. Each function of the society is fragmented and assigned to different individuals in the society. For example, in the industrial setting, the workers will perform in the production process. The managerial class will have the task of managing the production process. The capitalist group will own the production process and acts as the investor in the process. Durkheim says that there is a simple division of labor in the traditional society, and society is mechanic solidarity where it depends on the likeness between the individuals. In modern society, there exists a complex division of labor where the society is of organic solidarity, and it depends on the difference between the individuals.
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