QUESTION 6While reading the scenarios use the following information about cultural goalsand conventional means:College students' cultural goals--to graduateCollege students' conventional means--to study hard, complete assignments,and gain new knowledgeKarla currently attends a great college, she does not study hard, sometimes sheattends classes, she cheats on exams, and will often copy or use her friendsassignments in order to complete her assignments. She has joined severalcampus-based clubs and organizations and will sometimes attend themeetings, but she is basically a member only in name. Karla does graduatefrom college. According to Merton's Typology, which category describesKarla?O ConformityO InnovationO RitualismO RetreatismO Rebellion QUESTION 5Chris attended college but experienced some obstacles while trying to completehis degree. Chris had numerous of remedial courses, which he felt put himbehind, as he did not earn any college credit while taking these courses. Hehad many obligations at home, such has paying some of the bills in thehousehold. Another obstacle he faced is that he did not receive enoughfinancial aid and did not have enough money from part-time employment tocontinue attending college. Thus, he ended dropping out of college.So, Chris decided to create his own company developing a new product-thewidget. This product changed the world. So, while Chris did not earn a collegedegree, he was able to achieve the goals of his society.According to Merton's Typology, which category describes Chris?ConformityO InnovationO RitualismRetreatismO Rebellion

Robert K Merton, who is considered as the father of modern sociology, was an American sociologist who founded the Strain theory. the theory was initially developed based on the increasing crime rates in the USA. He mentioned that the whole of America was built upon the basic cultural system of 'American Dream'. The American Dream motivated the people to achieve goals that are commonly approved by the society. However, the ways people achieve their cultural goals may not be similar and sometimes uses illegitimate means of achieving those goals. This imbalances in cultural goals and ways of achieving it creates some sort of tension or strain in the society and when people encounters such a situation, he brought five ways to adapt with strain. They include Conformity - Individuals will achieve the societal goals with legitimate means of achieving it Innovation - Individuals will achieve the societal goals with illegitimate means of achieving it Ritualism - Individuals will reject the societal goals but accepts the means of achieving it. Retreatism - Individuals will reject both the societal goals and means of achieving it. They often engage into escapism. Eg: drugs Rebellion - Individuals will replace the goals and means of achieving them by revolting or creating new goals and ways of achieving them. This has a high chance of ending into crimes.In this case, Chris faced an tension in his cultural goals i.e. to attain a college degree. Since he had a lot of obligations and other responsibilities, he wasn't able to attain the goal, leading him to drop out of college. Fortunately, that did not stop him from achieving his goals. He created his own goals and achieved them by adhering to the society's goals. Although the last part may lean towards in rebellion as an adaptation strategy (drop out and creating his own goals and ways of achieving it), the case never mentioned him creating new goals by revolution or protest. It is also mentioned towards the end that he did conform to the goals of the society and too with legitimate means.Thus, conformity is the answer.According to the case, Karla did graduate from college, meaning that she accepts the cultural goals set by the society. However, it was also mentioned in the case that she did cheat on examinations, hardly attends classes, copies assignments from her friends, joins various clubs because she had to. These instances clearly depict the idea that she did not graduate college by legitimate means. Thus, innovation is the answer.