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Which substance is expected to have the lowest freezing point and which one the highest boiling point: 2.9m aqueous sucrose solution, 2.9m aqueous calcium sulfate solution, 2.9m aqueous ammonium sulfate solution? Explain.

Which substance is expected to have the lowest freezing point and which one the highest boiling point: 2.9m aqueous sucrose solution, 2.9m aqueous calcium sulfate solution, 2.9m aqueous ammonium sulfate solution? Explain.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Question:** Which substance is expected to have the lowest freezing point and which one the highest boiling point: 2.9m aqueous sucrose solution, 2.9m aqueous calcium sulfate solution, 2.9m aqueous ammonium sulfate solution? Explain. **Explanation:** To determine the freezing and boiling points of these solutions, the concept of colligative properties can be applied. Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution. The more particles present, the greater the effect on the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation. 1. **Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁):** Does not dissociate in water, so it remains as one particle. Thus, a 2.9m sucrose solution has 2.9 particles per kg of water. 2. **Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄):** Dissociates into two ions: Ca²⁺ and SO₄²⁻. For a 2.9m solution, there are approximately 5.8 particles per kg of water. 3. **Ammonium Sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄):** Dissociates into three ions: 2 NH₄⁺ and 1 SO₄²⁻. A 2.9m solution yields about 8.7 particles per kg of water. **Conclusion:** - **Lowest Freezing Point:** Ammonium sulfate solution has the most particles, causing the greatest depression of freezing point. - **Highest Boiling Point:** Ammonium sulfate solution will also have the highest boiling point elevation due to the highest particle count.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Which substance is expected to have the lowest freezing point and which one the highest boiling point: 2.9m aqueous sucrose solution, 2.9m aqueous calcium sulfate solution, 2.9m aqueous ammonium sulfate solution? Explain. **Explanation:** To determine the freezing and boiling points of these solutions, the concept of colligative properties can be applied. Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution. The more particles present, the greater the effect on the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation. 1. **Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁):** Does not dissociate in water, so it remains as one particle. Thus, a 2.9m sucrose solution has 2.9 particles per kg of water. 2. **Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄):** Dissociates into two ions: Ca²⁺ and SO₄²⁻. For a 2.9m solution, there are approximately 5.8 particles per kg of water. 3. **Ammonium Sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄):** Dissociates into three ions: 2 NH₄⁺ and 1 SO₄²⁻. A 2.9m solution yields about 8.7 particles per kg of water. **Conclusion:** - **Lowest Freezing Point:** Ammonium sulfate solution has the most particles, causing the greatest depression of freezing point. - **Highest Boiling Point:** Ammonium sulfate solution will also have the highest boiling point elevation due to the highest particle count.
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