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Which SN2 reaction is each pair is faster? А. Br H20 Br HO, OH Br Br OCH3 Oc .CI HO, B.

Which SN2 reaction is each pair is faster? А. Br H20 Br HO, OH Br Br OCH3 Oc .CI HO, B.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Title: Understanding SN2 Reaction Rates** **Question:** Which SN2 reaction in each pair is faster? --- **Section A:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** - 1-bromopentane - Water (\(H_2O\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol (\(OH_2^+\)) - Bromide ion (\(Br^-\)) 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** - 1-bromopentane - Hydroxide ion (\(OH^-\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol - Bromide ion (\(Br^-\)) **Section B:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** - 1-chloropentane - Methoxide ion (\(OCH_3^-\)) - **Products:** - Methoxy pentane - Chloride ion (\(Cl^-\)) 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** - 1-iodopentane - Hydroxide ion (\(OH^-\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol - Iodide ion (\(I^-\)) **Explanation:** In SN2 reactions, the rate is influenced by the nucleophile strength, the leaving group ability, and solvent effects. Generally, stronger nucleophiles and better leaving groups increase reaction rates. - **Section A:** Compare the nucleophiles—\(OH^-\) is stronger than \(H_2O\), suggesting Reaction 2 is faster. - **Section B:** Consider the leaving groups—iodide (\(I^-\)) is a better leaving group than chloride (\(Cl^-\)), indicating Reaction 2 is faster in this case as well. **Conclusion:** For faster SN2 reactions, choose strong nucleophiles and substrates with good leaving groups.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding SN2 Reaction Rates** **Question:** Which SN2 reaction in each pair is faster? --- **Section A:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** - 1-bromopentane - Water (\(H_2O\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol (\(OH_2^+\)) - Bromide ion (\(Br^-\)) 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** - 1-bromopentane - Hydroxide ion (\(OH^-\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol - Bromide ion (\(Br^-\)) **Section B:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** - 1-chloropentane - Methoxide ion (\(OCH_3^-\)) - **Products:** - Methoxy pentane - Chloride ion (\(Cl^-\)) 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** - 1-iodopentane - Hydroxide ion (\(OH^-\)) - **Products:** - Pentanol - Iodide ion (\(I^-\)) **Explanation:** In SN2 reactions, the rate is influenced by the nucleophile strength, the leaving group ability, and solvent effects. Generally, stronger nucleophiles and better leaving groups increase reaction rates. - **Section A:** Compare the nucleophiles—\(OH^-\) is stronger than \(H_2O\), suggesting Reaction 2 is faster. - **Section B:** Consider the leaving groups—iodide (\(I^-\)) is a better leaving group than chloride (\(Cl^-\)), indicating Reaction 2 is faster in this case as well. **Conclusion:** For faster SN2 reactions, choose strong nucleophiles and substrates with good leaving groups.
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