Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Can you please help answer this problem?
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. There are two lone pairs on the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group, and one oxygen atom has a formal charge of zero.
- **Option 2:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. The oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has a full octet with a formal charge of -1, and the carbonyl carbon has a formal charge of +1.
- **Option 3:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. The oxygen atom in the carboxyl group is carrying a single bond with a negative formal charge, and the carbonyl carbon has a positive formal charge.
- **Option 4:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group directly bonded to the ring where one oxygen has a single bond and a negative charge, and another adjacent carbonyl carbon in the carboxyl group carries a positive charge.
**Explanation:**
Resonance structures are used to represent molecules that cannot be fully described by a single Lewis structure. The given molecule is a benzene ring with a carboxyl group, specifically aromatic carboxylic acid.
To determine which resonance form contributes most to the overall structure of the molecule, consider the following criteria:
- **Minimal Formal Charges:**
The most stable resonance structure is typically the one with the fewest formal charges.
- **Full Octet:**
Atoms should generally have a complete set of electrons—achieving a noble gas electron configuration.
- **Charge Distribution:**
Negative charges are more stable on electronegative atoms like oxygen, while less electronegative](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd6395577-9db6-48fe-8167-332a8d8ebdaf%2F87dcad07-6c66-4fce-a055-d98c07d4713e%2Ffhptnn_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Organic Chemistry: Resonance Structures**
**Quiz Question:**
**Which resonance form contributes most to the overall structure of the molecule?**
**Options:**
- **Option 1:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. There are two lone pairs on the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group, and one oxygen atom has a formal charge of zero.
- **Option 2:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. The oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has a full octet with a formal charge of -1, and the carbonyl carbon has a formal charge of +1.
- **Option 3:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group (C=O) directly bonded to the ring, which is also bonded to an -OH group. The oxygen atom in the carboxyl group is carrying a single bond with a negative formal charge, and the carbonyl carbon has a positive formal charge.
- **Option 4:**
Benzene ring with a substituent: a carboxyl group directly bonded to the ring where one oxygen has a single bond and a negative charge, and another adjacent carbonyl carbon in the carboxyl group carries a positive charge.
**Explanation:**
Resonance structures are used to represent molecules that cannot be fully described by a single Lewis structure. The given molecule is a benzene ring with a carboxyl group, specifically aromatic carboxylic acid.
To determine which resonance form contributes most to the overall structure of the molecule, consider the following criteria:
- **Minimal Formal Charges:**
The most stable resonance structure is typically the one with the fewest formal charges.
- **Full Octet:**
Atoms should generally have a complete set of electrons—achieving a noble gas electron configuration.
- **Charge Distribution:**
Negative charges are more stable on electronegative atoms like oxygen, while less electronegative
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