Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Quiz Question: Genetic Principles**
**Question:**
Which phenomenon is an exception to Mendel's principle of independent assortment?
**Options:**
A. Random fertilization
B. Epistasis
C. Segregation
D. Genetic linkage
---
**Explanation:**
According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment, alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during gamete formation. However, certain genetic phenomena can act as exceptions to this rule. This question tests your understanding of such exceptions.
**Options Analysis:**
- **Random fertilization:** This process can influence genetic variability but does not directly contradict the principle of independent assortment.
- **Epistasis:** The interaction between genes wherein one gene affects the expression of another does alter phenotypic expression but not the assortment of alleles.
- **Segregation:** Mendel's principle of segregation describes the separation of alleles during gamete formation and does not relate to independent assortment.
- **Genetic linkage:** This phenomenon occurs when genes are located close to each other on the same chromosome, resulting in them being inherited together more often than not, thereby violating the principle of independent assortment.
**Correct Answer:** D. Genetic linkage
![### Question on DNA Replication
**What enzyme seals the nick in the sugar phosphate backbone that results from replication?**
- [ ] Primase
- [ ] DNA polymerase
- [ ] DNA ligase
- [ ] DNA gyrase
- [ ] DNA helicase
**Explanation:**
In the process of DNA replication, the enzyme DNA ligase is responsible for sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone. These nicks occur between the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to ensure the continuity and stability of the DNA molecule after replication is complete. The role of each enzyme here is specific:
- **Primase:** Synthesizes RNA primers needed to start the replication process.
- **DNA polymerase:** Elongates the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the RNA primer.
- **DNA ligase:** Seals the nicks in the DNA backbone to create a continuous DNA strand.
- **DNA gyrase:** Relieves the strain induced by the unwinding of DNA.
- **DNA helicase:** Unwinds the DNA double helix.
### Visual Aid (No diagrams present in this image)
If applicable, a diagram demonstrating the steps of DNA replication can enhance understanding, showing the roles of each enzyme visually. For this text, no graphs or diagrams are included, but such additions can provide valuable aid in educational contexts.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F27af745b-6d4f-4129-9ebf-5574c17547e0%2F6ddf13e4-84dc-4612-8882-7c893ac347aa%2Fhga0dyq_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Question on DNA Replication
**What enzyme seals the nick in the sugar phosphate backbone that results from replication?**
- [ ] Primase
- [ ] DNA polymerase
- [ ] DNA ligase
- [ ] DNA gyrase
- [ ] DNA helicase
**Explanation:**
In the process of DNA replication, the enzyme DNA ligase is responsible for sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone. These nicks occur between the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to ensure the continuity and stability of the DNA molecule after replication is complete. The role of each enzyme here is specific:
- **Primase:** Synthesizes RNA primers needed to start the replication process.
- **DNA polymerase:** Elongates the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the RNA primer.
- **DNA ligase:** Seals the nicks in the DNA backbone to create a continuous DNA strand.
- **DNA gyrase:** Relieves the strain induced by the unwinding of DNA.
- **DNA helicase:** Unwinds the DNA double helix.
### Visual Aid (No diagrams present in this image)
If applicable, a diagram demonstrating the steps of DNA replication can enhance understanding, showing the roles of each enzyme visually. For this text, no graphs or diagrams are included, but such additions can provide valuable aid in educational contexts.
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