Which phase transitions result in a decrease in the entropy of their surroundings? Select all that apply. (Hint: think about enthalpy and what that means for the surroundings) Group of answer choices deposition fusion vaporization sublimation condensation freezing

What is the second law of thermodynamics? For any process, there are four possible sign combinations for Ssys and Ssurr. Which sign combination(s) always give a spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) always give a non-spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) may or may not give a spontaneous process?

What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?

For each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative. Water vapor (the system) deposits as ice crystals on a cold windowpane. A can of carbonated beverage loses its fizz. (Consider the beverage but not the can as the system. What happens to the entropy of the dissolved gas?) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature.

What is entropy? Why is entropy important?

How is the sign of q, heat, defined? How does it relate to the total energy of the system?

Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels occurs when too little oxygen is present and results in the production of carbon monoxide rather than carbon dioxide. Water is the other product in each case. (a) Write balanced chemical equations for the complete and incomplete combustion of propane. (b) Using these equations, predict which will have the larger change in entropy. (c) Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate G for each reaction. (d) Based on these results, predict the sign and value of G for the combustion of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide.

For one day, keep a log of all the activities you undertake that consume Gibbs free energy. Distinguish betweenGibbs free energy provided by nutrient metabolism andthat provided by other energy resources.

9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of HCl condenses from vapor to liquid, what is Hcond for this substance?

9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J , q=400J ; or E=317J , q=347J ?