Which one of these molecules would not be in a membrane? HC-0 НО HC-0 HC-0 image A D Galactose is a sugar

Biochemistry
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ISBN:9781319114671
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Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
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**Question:**

Which one of these molecules would not be in a membrane?

**Molecule Descriptions:**

- **A:** This molecule appears to be a triglyceride, consisting of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. 
- **B:** This is a straight chain with a galactose sugar (a hexagon labeled as such) attached. The labeling indicates that galactose is a sugar.
- **C:** This molecule resembles a phospholipid, containing a phosphate group, glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid chains.
- **D:** This is a steroid structure, characterized by four fused rings and an attached side chain.

**Options:**

- ○ d
- ○ a
- ● b
- ○ c

**Explanation:**

The image asks to identify which molecule would not be found in a membrane. As known, membranes primarily consist of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. 

- **A**, triglycerides, are typically not a structural part of membranes.
- **B**, the diagram of a molecule featuring galactose as a sugar, would not typically be part of a membrane.
- **C**, phospholipid structures, are fundamental components of cell membranes.
- **D**, steroid molecules like cholesterol, are also integral to membrane structure.

The correct answer is **B**, as it does not typically form part of a cell's lipid bilayer structure.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Which one of these molecules would not be in a membrane? **Molecule Descriptions:** - **A:** This molecule appears to be a triglyceride, consisting of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. - **B:** This is a straight chain with a galactose sugar (a hexagon labeled as such) attached. The labeling indicates that galactose is a sugar. - **C:** This molecule resembles a phospholipid, containing a phosphate group, glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid chains. - **D:** This is a steroid structure, characterized by four fused rings and an attached side chain. **Options:** - ○ d - ○ a - ● b - ○ c **Explanation:** The image asks to identify which molecule would not be found in a membrane. As known, membranes primarily consist of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. - **A**, triglycerides, are typically not a structural part of membranes. - **B**, the diagram of a molecule featuring galactose as a sugar, would not typically be part of a membrane. - **C**, phospholipid structures, are fundamental components of cell membranes. - **D**, steroid molecules like cholesterol, are also integral to membrane structure. The correct answer is **B**, as it does not typically form part of a cell's lipid bilayer structure.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Composition of plasma membrane

The most prevalent lipid molecules found in plasma membranes, commonly referred to as cell membranes, are phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. These lipids are crucial for maintaining the cell membrane's structural stability and functioning. A brief description of each kind of lipid present in the plasma membrane is given below:

Phospholipids: Phospholipids make up the majority of the lipids in the plasma membrane. They have two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head. The hydrophilic heads of these molecules point outward towards the aqueous environment, and the hydrophobic tails point inward, away from water, forming a lipid bilayer. The fundamental structural structure of the membrane is provided by phospholipids.

Cholesterol: The plasma membrane's lipid bilayer contains many cholesterol molecules. They aid in controlling the membrane's stability and fluidity. Cholesterol inhibits the phospholipid fatty acid tails from packing too tightly, which, depending on temperature, can either enhance or reduce membrane mobility. The membrane's function and integrity are preserved as a result under various circumstances.

Glycolipids: Lipids having sugar (carbohydrate) groups linked to them are known as glycolipids. They are normally located on the plasma membrane's extracellular surface. These chemicals are essential for cell signalling and cell recognition. Glycolipids include carbohydrate chains that can act as receptor and antibody binding sites and are crucial for cell-to-cell communication.

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