Which of these forces is always determined from a mathematical law? normal contact force universal gravity (i.e. that decreases as the inverse square of the separation) constant gravity at the surface of the earth kinetic friction tension in a string force from a spring static friction force
1. Normal contact force:
Determining the normal force is as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law.
2. Universal gravity:
Depends on Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation that states every particle in the cosmos attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.
3. Constant gravity at the surface of the earth.
Based on the principle of equivalence.
4. Kinetic friction:
Based on proportionality relations of kinetic friction.
5. Tension in a spring
Determining the tension force is as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law.
6. Force from a spring:
Based on Hooke's Law.
7. Static friction force:
Defined by the laws of friction.
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