Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Which of the following substances will be reduced first?
A. Fe3+
B. CoQ
C. cytochrome c
D. FMN
![TABLE 20.1
Standard Reduction Potentials for Several Biological
Reduction Half Reactions
Reduction Half Reaction
O₂ + 2H* + 2€ → H₂O
Fe³+ + →Fe²+
Cytochrome ₂ (Fe³+) +
→Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Cytochrome a(Fe³+) +
→→Cytochrome a(Fe²+)
Cytochrome (Fe³+) + e→Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Cytochrome 4 (Fe³") + →Cytochrome (Fe²¹)
CoQH+H+→ CoQH₂ (coenzyme Q
CoQ + 2H* + 2e → CoQH₂
Cytochrome (Fe³+) + →Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Fumarate + 2H* + 2e → Succinate
CoQ + H+ → CoQH
[FAD] + 2H + 2e →→ [FADH₂]
Cytochrome & (Fe³+) + →Cytochrome & (Fe)
Oxaloacetate + 2H* + 2e →→Malate
Pyruvate + 2H+ 2e →Lactate
Acetaldehyde + 2H* + 2e¯ →→ Ethanol
FMN + 2H+ 2e → FMNH₂
FAD + 2H+ 2€ → FADH₂
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2H* + 2e →
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + P
NAD + 2H+ + 2e →NADH+H*
NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e → NADPH + H*
a-ketoglutarate + CO₂ + 2H+ 2e → Isocitrate
Succinate + CO₂ + 2H" + 2e¯ → a-ketoglutarate + H₂O
E" (V)
0.816
0.771
0.350
0.290
0.254
0.220
0.190
0.060
0.050
0.031
0.030
0.003-0.091
-0.100
-0.166
-0.185
-0.197
-0.219
-0.219
-0.290
-0.320
-0.320
-0.380
-0.670
*Typical values for reduction of bound FAD in flavoproteins such as succinate dehydrogenase.
Note that we have shown a number of components of the electron transport chain individually.
We are going to see them again as part of complexes. We have also included values for a number
of reactions we saw in earlier chapters.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0ebfaf0a-dce4-4af2-b4d3-13137ed5529a%2Fd3792452-7b14-419c-b072-5ccfc3a27582%2F5vd9vjf_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 20.1
Standard Reduction Potentials for Several Biological
Reduction Half Reactions
Reduction Half Reaction
O₂ + 2H* + 2€ → H₂O
Fe³+ + →Fe²+
Cytochrome ₂ (Fe³+) +
→Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Cytochrome a(Fe³+) +
→→Cytochrome a(Fe²+)
Cytochrome (Fe³+) + e→Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Cytochrome 4 (Fe³") + →Cytochrome (Fe²¹)
CoQH+H+→ CoQH₂ (coenzyme Q
CoQ + 2H* + 2e → CoQH₂
Cytochrome (Fe³+) + →Cytochrome (Fe²+)
Fumarate + 2H* + 2e → Succinate
CoQ + H+ → CoQH
[FAD] + 2H + 2e →→ [FADH₂]
Cytochrome & (Fe³+) + →Cytochrome & (Fe)
Oxaloacetate + 2H* + 2e →→Malate
Pyruvate + 2H+ 2e →Lactate
Acetaldehyde + 2H* + 2e¯ →→ Ethanol
FMN + 2H+ 2e → FMNH₂
FAD + 2H+ 2€ → FADH₂
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2H* + 2e →
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + P
NAD + 2H+ + 2e →NADH+H*
NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e → NADPH + H*
a-ketoglutarate + CO₂ + 2H+ 2e → Isocitrate
Succinate + CO₂ + 2H" + 2e¯ → a-ketoglutarate + H₂O
E" (V)
0.816
0.771
0.350
0.290
0.254
0.220
0.190
0.060
0.050
0.031
0.030
0.003-0.091
-0.100
-0.166
-0.185
-0.197
-0.219
-0.219
-0.290
-0.320
-0.320
-0.380
-0.670
*Typical values for reduction of bound FAD in flavoproteins such as succinate dehydrogenase.
Note that we have shown a number of components of the electron transport chain individually.
We are going to see them again as part of complexes. We have also included values for a number
of reactions we saw in earlier chapters.
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