Answered: Which of the following statements is…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

Which of the following statements is true?

A. The first ionization energy for potassium is greater than the first ionization energy for sodium

B. The first ionization energy for oxygen is greater than the first ionization energy for nitrogen

C. The first ionization energy is greater than the second ionization energy for sodium

D. Boron has the highest value for ionization energy in group 3A.

Expert Solution

Introduction

Ionization energy (I.E.) is the minimum amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.

The general periodicity trends followed by Ionization energy are:

It generally increases across a period (left to right) across an elemental period. This is because the atomic radius decreases and the electrons are more tightly bound and near to nucleus, so more energy required to overcome the effective attraction force.
It generally decreases down a group (top to bottom). This is because number of shells increase and the outermost electrons are loosely bound to nucleus and thus can be easily removed.
The second ionization energy is more than first ionization energy as it is more difficult to remove an electron from a positive charged species (after first ionization).
Some exceptions to the general trends arises based on electronic configuration of subshells and Hund's rule.

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