Which of the following statements about membrane phospholipids is/are true?   a)  They are oriented within biological membranes with polar head groups facing the outsides of the membrane.   b)  Only if assisted by the appropriate enzymes, phospholipids in aqueous solution will form themselves into bilayers, which seal their edges by forming droplets.   c)  They can have different shapes depending on the presence of double bonds in their fatty acid tails.   d)  a and c   e)  a, b and c

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.