Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
It is not B or C
![**Title: Understanding Reaction Mechanisms: Identifying Key Steps**
**Text:**
This section focuses on the reaction mechanism involving an alkene and hydrogen bromide (HBr). The task is to identify a likely step in the reaction process that converts the alkene into an alkyl bromide.
**Reaction Scheme:**
1. **Reactants:** An alkene and HBr.
2. **Product:** An alkyl bromide.
**Question:** Which of the following represents a likely step in the mechanism of the given reaction?
**Options:**
1. **Option A:**
- Shows the formation of a carbocation on the more substituted carbon of the alkene.
- The double bond electrons are shown moving towards the hydrogen of HBr, forming a carbocation.
2. **Option B:**
- Illustrates a bromonium ion intermediate.
- The arrow indicates the attack of bromide on the carbocation, but this does not align with the typical electrophilic addition mechanism in this context.
3. **Option C:**
- Similar to Option B, also involves bromide interaction.
- Not typically favored due to the same reasoning as above.
4. **Option D:**
- Mimics a hydride shift, which is not characteristic of the electrophilic addition.
**Correct Answer:** Option A, where the mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation after HBr adds to the double bond. This represents a common intermediate step in electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with HX acids.
Each option illustrates different possibilities of electron movement and intermediate formation, but Option A aligns with the expected pathway for hydrohalogenation, emphasizing the role of carbocations in such mechanisms.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F435327ce-ad1d-47b0-9d05-42b05e19b7ae%2F3b09fcf1-a5b2-4647-82f5-3bcab5bce4d3%2Fvfmjeoj_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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