Which of the following reactions have a positive AS (Increase in entropy) Select one or more: а. HgO(s) --> Hg(I) + (1/2)O2(g) b. 2NaHCO3(s) --> Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) c. 2 NO2(g) --> N2O4 (g) d. MgCO3(s) --> MgO(s) + CO2(g) e. Ag * (aq) + ClI (aq) --> AgCI(s)
Which of the following reactions have a positive AS (Increase in entropy) Select one or more: а. HgO(s) --> Hg(I) + (1/2)O2(g) b. 2NaHCO3(s) --> Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) c. 2 NO2(g) --> N2O4 (g) d. MgCO3(s) --> MgO(s) + CO2(g) e. Ag * (aq) + ClI (aq) --> AgCI(s)
Chemistry
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Which of the following has a positive ΔS
![**Entropy and Chemical Reactions**
**Question:**
Which of the following reactions have a positive ΔS (Increase in entropy)?
**Select one or more:**
- [ ] a. \( \text{HgO}(s) \rightarrow \text{Hg}(l) + \frac{1}{2}\text{O}_2(g) \)
- [ ] b. \( 2\text{NaHCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3(s) + \text{CO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \)
- [ ] c. \( 2\text{NO}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{N}_2\text{O}_4(g) \)
- [ ] d. \( \text{MgCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{MgO}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g) \)
- [ ] e. \( \text{Ag}^+(aq) + \text{Cl}^-(aq) \rightarrow \text{AgCl}(s) \)
**Explanation:**
Entropy (\(ΔS\)) is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. A positive \(ΔS\) indicates an increase in entropy, which often occurs when a reaction results in an increase in the number of gas molecules.
In reactions involving changes in state (e.g., solid to gas), the production of gas increases the randomness and contributes to a positive entropy change.
**Analysis of Reactions:**
- **Reaction a:** Solid \( \text{HgO} \) decomposes to liquid \( \text{Hg} \) and gaseous \( \text{O}_2 \), increasing the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction b:** Solid \( \text{NaHCO}_3 \) decomposes to form solid \( \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \), gaseous \( \text{CO}_2 \), and gaseous \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \), increasing the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction c:** Two gaseous \( \text{NO}_2 \) molecules combine to form one gaseous \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_4 \) molecule, which decreases the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction d](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F327e20e4-0f56-4e06-94b5-8b01526a57ee%2F0eaa2a4e-0742-4677-afc3-39b4b06c7de8%2Fpxidwsjd_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Entropy and Chemical Reactions**
**Question:**
Which of the following reactions have a positive ΔS (Increase in entropy)?
**Select one or more:**
- [ ] a. \( \text{HgO}(s) \rightarrow \text{Hg}(l) + \frac{1}{2}\text{O}_2(g) \)
- [ ] b. \( 2\text{NaHCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3(s) + \text{CO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \)
- [ ] c. \( 2\text{NO}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{N}_2\text{O}_4(g) \)
- [ ] d. \( \text{MgCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{MgO}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g) \)
- [ ] e. \( \text{Ag}^+(aq) + \text{Cl}^-(aq) \rightarrow \text{AgCl}(s) \)
**Explanation:**
Entropy (\(ΔS\)) is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. A positive \(ΔS\) indicates an increase in entropy, which often occurs when a reaction results in an increase in the number of gas molecules.
In reactions involving changes in state (e.g., solid to gas), the production of gas increases the randomness and contributes to a positive entropy change.
**Analysis of Reactions:**
- **Reaction a:** Solid \( \text{HgO} \) decomposes to liquid \( \text{Hg} \) and gaseous \( \text{O}_2 \), increasing the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction b:** Solid \( \text{NaHCO}_3 \) decomposes to form solid \( \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \), gaseous \( \text{CO}_2 \), and gaseous \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \), increasing the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction c:** Two gaseous \( \text{NO}_2 \) molecules combine to form one gaseous \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_4 \) molecule, which decreases the number of gas molecules.
- **Reaction d
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