Answered: Which of the following reaction…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Which of the following reaction coordinate diagrams represents S_N1 and E1 reactions?

Transcribed Image Text:**Energy Diagrams in Chemical Reactions** These diagrams help visualize the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions. Below are two energy diagrams labeled as B and D. Each diagram plots energy against the reaction coordinate: 1. **Diagram B** - **Axes**: The y-axis represents energy, while the x-axis represents the reaction coordinate. - **Energy Profile**: The curve in this diagram shows the energy changes throughout the reaction. - The reaction starts at a certain energy level, which increases as the reaction progresses. - The curve then peaks, representing the transition state or activation energy of the reaction. - After the peak, the energy level drops slightly and then peaks again before settling at a final lower energy level, indicating the products of the reaction. - This suggests an intermediate stage between the reactants and products. 2. **Diagram D** - **Axes**: Similar to Diagram B, the y-axis represents energy, and the x-axis represents the reaction coordinate. - **Energy Profile**: The curve in this diagram also shows the energy changes throughout the reaction. - The reaction starts at a certain energy level. - The energy increases sharply to a peak, representing the transition state or activation energy. - After reaching the peak, the energy decreases smoothly to a lower level, where the products of the reaction reside. - Unlike Diagram B, there is no intermediate stage visible; the reaction proceeds directly from reactants to products. **Educational Insight**: Diagrams like these help students understand concepts such as activation energy, transition states, and intermediates in chemical reactions. They are valuable tools in teaching and learning about the dynamics of chemical processes.

Transcribed Image Text:# Reaction Energy Diagrams The image consists of two energy profile diagrams named A and C. Each diagram illustrates the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction plotted against the reaction coordinate. ## Diagram A ### Description: - **Y-axis (Vertical):** Energy - **X-axis (Horizontal):** Reaction Coordinate - The diagram begins with a certain energy level, rises to a peak (indicating the activation energy of the reaction), and then drops to a lower level, showing the energy of the products. ### Key Points: - **Initial Energy Level:** Indicates the energy of the reactants. - **Peak:** Represents the transition state of the reaction, which is the highest energy point. - **Final Energy Level:** Shows the energy of the products, which is lower than that of the reactants, indicating an exothermic reaction. ## Diagram C ### Description: - **Y-axis (Vertical):** Energy - **X-axis (Horizontal):** Reaction Coordinate - This diagram also begins at a certain energy level, but after reaching the peak energy (activation energy), it drops to a level higher than the starting point, indicating an endothermic reaction. ### Key Points: - **Initial Energy Level:** Indicates the energy of the reactants. - **Peak:** Represents the transition state, the highest energy point in this reaction. - **Final Energy Level:** Indicates the energy of the products, which is higher than that of the reactants, showing the reaction absorbed energy. These diagrams are commonly used to understand the energetic changes and the activation energies associated with different stages of a chemical reaction. They help in visualizing energy barriers and the overall energy change (ΔE) of the reactions.

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