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Which of the following Newman projections represents (2R,3R)-dibromobutane?

Which of the following Newman projections represents (2R,3R)-dibromobutane?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Which of the following Newman projections represents (2R,3R)-dibromobutane?

 

**Staggered and Eclipsed Newman Projections of Butane** In the study of organic chemistry, understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule is crucial. Newman projections are a useful tool for visualizing conformations of molecules, typically around single bonds. This image illustrates four Newman projections of butane, each one depicting a specific spatial arrangement of atoms attached to the central carbon-carbon bond. **Explanation of Newman Projections:** 1. **Projection 1:** - This diagram represents a staggered conformation. - The front carbon (center point of the projection) has three substituents: a hydrogen (H), a methyl group (CH3), and a bromine atom (Br). - The back carbon (circle) also has the same substituents: H, CH3, and Br. - In this staggered conformation, the atoms on the front carbon are positioned in between the atoms on the back carbon. 2. **Projection 2:** - This diagram represents another staggered conformation, where the positions of the substituents have changed. - The spatial arrangement now has bromine atoms eclipsing hydrogens and methyl groups staggered with bromine. 3. **Projection 3:** - This diagram represents an eclipsed conformation. - In this conformation, the substituents on the front carbon align directly with those on the back carbon. - The hydrogens, methyl groups, and bromine atoms overlap directly with the respective substituents on the adjacent carbon. 4. **Projection 4:** - This diagram represents another eclipsed conformation, different from the third projection. - The hydrogens, methyl groups, and bromine atoms again align directly with the respective corresponding substituents on the adjacent carbon, but in a different orientation compared to Projection 3. **Key Concepts:** - **Staggered Conformation:** A more stable conformation where atoms or groups on adjacent carbons are positioned with maximum spacing between them. This conformation minimizes torsional strain, leading to a lower energy state. - **Eclipsed Conformation:** A less stable conformation where atoms or groups on adjacent carbons align with each other, leading to higher torsional strain. This results in a higher energy state. Understanding these different conformations helps in predicting the reactivity and physical properties of molecules. This visualization of butane
Transcribed Image Text:**Staggered and Eclipsed Newman Projections of Butane** In the study of organic chemistry, understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule is crucial. Newman projections are a useful tool for visualizing conformations of molecules, typically around single bonds. This image illustrates four Newman projections of butane, each one depicting a specific spatial arrangement of atoms attached to the central carbon-carbon bond. **Explanation of Newman Projections:** 1. **Projection 1:** - This diagram represents a staggered conformation. - The front carbon (center point of the projection) has three substituents: a hydrogen (H), a methyl group (CH3), and a bromine atom (Br). - The back carbon (circle) also has the same substituents: H, CH3, and Br. - In this staggered conformation, the atoms on the front carbon are positioned in between the atoms on the back carbon. 2. **Projection 2:** - This diagram represents another staggered conformation, where the positions of the substituents have changed. - The spatial arrangement now has bromine atoms eclipsing hydrogens and methyl groups staggered with bromine. 3. **Projection 3:** - This diagram represents an eclipsed conformation. - In this conformation, the substituents on the front carbon align directly with those on the back carbon. - The hydrogens, methyl groups, and bromine atoms overlap directly with the respective substituents on the adjacent carbon. 4. **Projection 4:** - This diagram represents another eclipsed conformation, different from the third projection. - The hydrogens, methyl groups, and bromine atoms again align directly with the respective corresponding substituents on the adjacent carbon, but in a different orientation compared to Projection 3. **Key Concepts:** - **Staggered Conformation:** A more stable conformation where atoms or groups on adjacent carbons are positioned with maximum spacing between them. This conformation minimizes torsional strain, leading to a lower energy state. - **Eclipsed Conformation:** A less stable conformation where atoms or groups on adjacent carbons align with each other, leading to higher torsional strain. This results in a higher energy state. Understanding these different conformations helps in predicting the reactivity and physical properties of molecules. This visualization of butane
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