Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Which of the following is the most soluble?
2. 
3. 
4. 
**Description of Graphs/Diagrams:**
1. **Option 1:** This structure depicts a primary amide. It includes a central nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and two carbon atoms forming an alkyl group.
2. **Option 2:** This structure depicts a primary amine. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl group.
3. **Option 3:** This structure depicts a tertiary amine. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to three alkyl groups.
4. **Option 4:** This structure depicts a quaternary ammonium ion. The nitrogen atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms, forming an ammonium ion, indicated by a positive charge.
**Instructions to Students:**
- Analyze the solubility based on the functional groups present in each molecule.
- Consider the effect of hydrogen bonding and polarity in determining solubility.
- Select the molecule that is most soluble in water or aqueous solution.
**Explanation:**
Quaternary ammonium compounds are highly soluble in water due to the presence of a positive charge, which enhances their interaction with polar solvents like water.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F387ad894-866b-43ff-ad2a-d54a9de57377%2F8932b537-c170-4af0-80f7-bd4b642339e3%2Fjhi8psq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
Which of the following is the most soluble?
**Options:**
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
**Description of Graphs/Diagrams:**
1. **Option 1:** This structure depicts a primary amide. It includes a central nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and two carbon atoms forming an alkyl group.
2. **Option 2:** This structure depicts a primary amine. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl group.
3. **Option 3:** This structure depicts a tertiary amine. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to three alkyl groups.
4. **Option 4:** This structure depicts a quaternary ammonium ion. The nitrogen atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms, forming an ammonium ion, indicated by a positive charge.
**Instructions to Students:**
- Analyze the solubility based on the functional groups present in each molecule.
- Consider the effect of hydrogen bonding and polarity in determining solubility.
- Select the molecule that is most soluble in water or aqueous solution.
**Explanation:**
Quaternary ammonium compounds are highly soluble in water due to the presence of a positive charge, which enhances their interaction with polar solvents like water.
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