Which of the following is NOT equivalent to the statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (Source: Long Examination from the National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman.) The entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum. It is impossible to have a heat engine that is 100% efficient. It is impossible to reach absolute zero in a finite number of thermodynamic steps. It is impossible for an irreversible engine to be more efficient than a Carnot engine. It is impossible for heat to spontaneously flow from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir.

Which of the following is NOT equivalent to the statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (Source: Long Examination from the National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman.) The entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum. It is impossible to have a heat engine that is 100% efficient. It is impossible to reach absolute zero in a finite number of thermodynamic steps. It is impossible for an irreversible engine to be more efficient than a Carnot engine. It is impossible for heat to spontaneously flow from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir.

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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(a)On a winter day, a certain house loses 5.33 10 ✕8J of heat to the outside. What is the total change in entropy of the universe due to this heat transfer alone, assuming an average indoor temperature of 24.0°C and an average outdoor temperature of 5.05°C?(b)This large change in entropy implies a large amount of energy has become unavailable to do work. Where do we find more energy when such energy is lost to us?
A cylinder of gas has a temperature of 32F. a) If 205J is added to the system at constant temperature, what is the change in entropy of the system? b) How hot should the gas be in degrees Celsius if the molecules inside are to have twice the kinetic energy?
A 2.00-L container has a center partition that divides it into two equal parts as shown. The left side contains 0.044 0 mol of H2 gas, and the right side contains 0.044 0 mol of O2 gas. Both gases are at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The partition is removed, and the gases are allowed to mix. What is the entropy increase of the system?
Pressure is applied isothermally to a container that holds a liquid. Assuming the liquid is compressible, what has happened to the entropy? The entropy has decreased because the applied pressure results in the particles being less free to move, making their positions more predictable. The entropy has increased because the applied pressure results in heat being transferred from the environment to the system. The entropy has increased because the particles move more rapidly at higher pressure, making their velocities less predictable. None of the above.
A 500-g chocolate bar starts to melt at 45OC. What is the change in entropy? (Note: The latent heat of fusion of chocolate Lf = 1.5 x 105 J/kg. Calculate first the heat needed to melt the chocolate using the formula Q = mLf, where Q is the amount of heat needed to melt the chocolate, m is the mass of the chocolate, and Lf is the latent heat of fusion of chocolate.)
Every second at Niagara Falls, approximately 5 000 m3 of water falls a distance of 50.0 m. What is the increase in entropy per second due to the falling water? Assume the mass of the surroundings is so great that its temperature and that of the water stay nearly constant at 20.0°C. Also assume a negligible amount of water evaporates.
The temperature at the surface of the Sun is approximately 5,600 K, and the temperature at the surface of the Earth is approximately 291 K. What entropy change of the Universe occurs when 4.50 103 J of energy is transferred by radiation from the Sun to the Earth? ____________ J/K
(a) What is the unit of "specific entropy"? Is it an extensive property? (b) What is an isentropic process? Please give an example. (c) Explain the increase of entropy principle. (d) The entropy of a hot baked pizza decreases as it cools. Is this a violation of the increase of entropy principle? Explain.
A Styrofoam cup holding 118 g of hot water at 1.00 x 10-°C cools to room temperature, 21.0°C. What is the change in entropy of the room? (Neglect the specific heat of the cup and any change in temperature of the room. The specific heat of water is 4,186 J/(kg · °C).) J/K
For the following irreversible processes, explain how you can tell that the total entropy of the universe has increased. Cutting down a tree.