Which of the following is NOT correct? A. Bone fracture is partial or complete break in the contimuity of the bone B. Bone remodelling, continuing process of synthesis and destruction that gives bone its mature structure and maintains normal calcium levels in the body C. bone resorption the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals D. Osteoblasts release hydrochloric acid and acidic proteases such as cathepsin K. resulting in degradation of the bone matrix and liberation of Ca, PO,, and fragments of type I collagen E. osteoblasts have receptors for PTH and, when activated, produce osteoclast stimulating factor (cytokine)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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10. Which of the following is NOT correct?
A. Bone fracture is partial or complete break in the contimuity of the bone B. Bone remodelling, continuing process of synthesis and destruction that gives bone its mature structure and maintains normal calcium levels in the body
C. bone resorption the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals
D. Osteoblasts release hydrochloric acid and acidic proteases such as cathepsin
K. resulting in degradation of the bone matrix and liberation of Ca, PO,, and fragments of type I collagen
E. osteoblasts have receptors for PTH and, when activated, produce osteoclast stimulating factor (cytokine)
11. Bone canaliculi are microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone. The radiating cytoplasmic processes of the junctions for communication extent into these canals and are joined together by gap 
A. osteogenic cell
B. osteoblast C. osteocyte
D. osteoclast
E. chondrocyte
12. Which of the following choices is CORRECT?
A. trabeculae is the basic functional unit of compact bone
B. Ca;(PO.) (hydroxyapatite) is the inorganic minerals contained in bone extracellular matrix
C Testosterone is hormone that is used in hormone therapy to reduce osteoporosis in males
D. Rickets is a condition that may cause bow legs in a child E Parathyoid hormone (PTH) functions to decrease the level of calcium in the blood
Which NOT true regards periosteum:
A. is important for bone growth in width
B. all bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum
C. provides strong attachment and continuity from tendon to bone
D. is the structure where blood vessels enter bone through
E. consists of an outer, dense connective tissue layer and an inner osteogenic layer
F. None of the above
16. Osteons
I are the fundamental functional unit of much spongy bone
II are aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone
III. are cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix (lamellae) and living cells connected by canaliculi
IV. they suround a canal containing blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue (Haversian system)
A. I II
B. II IV
C. I II II
D. II II IV
E. All of the above
17. Which of the following choices is CORRECT?
A. Myofibrils extend the length of a muscle fibre
B. sarcomeres in series make up the length ofa myofíbril
C. The M-line is part of the cytoskeleton that anchors the myosin filaments, stabilizing the sarcomere
D. The ends of the actin filaments are anchored to the Z-line or disk
E. All of the above
F. Both C and D
18. The binding of calcium to troponin will directly cause
A. the hydrolysis of ATP
B. the binding of ATP to myosin
C. the further release of calcium into the cytoplasm
D. the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the myosin-binding site on the actin molecule
E. the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the actin-binding site on the myosin molecule
F. release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminals
G. Both B and F
19. Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is (are) classified as a catecholamine?
A norepinephrine
B. epinephrine
C. adrenaline
D. dopamine
E All of the above
F. A and B
20. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct?
A. Axon can branch
B. Afferent neurons are generally bipolar neurons
C. Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol
D. GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
E. Ligaments connect muscles to bone
21. are found primarily in the Grey matter
A. unmyelinated axons
B. neuron cell bodies
C. Interneurons
D. Capillary blood vessels
E axon terminals
F. dendrites
G synapses
H glial cells All of the above
J. B and C
24. is the process whereby from each parent fuse to produce a new cell
A. Gametogenesis, fertilization
B. Fertilization, two cells (2n)
C. Oogenesis, chromosomes Spermatogenesis, chromosomes
E. Fertilization, gametes
25. The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for
A. initiation of an action potential
B. termination of an action potential
C. fusion of vesicles to the membrane and exocytosis of neurotransmitters D. diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft E. fusion of vesicles to the membrane and exocytosis of calcium
F. movement of calcium through gap junctions
26. catalyzes the reaction that creates creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle A. Creatine phosphatase
B. Creatine kinase
C. Creatinine synthase
D. ATP hydrolysis
27. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct?
I The process of bone formation is known as osteoporosis
II. Myofibroblast is a connective tissue cell that contains properties of smooth muscle cells
III. Osmosis is the overall movement of salts from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane
IV. chromosomes of circulating RBCS are contained in the nucleus
V. Calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) elevates blood Ca by acting on intestine, kidneys and stimulate osteoblast activity
. V only
. IIV
. I, II, V
. I, II, V
. All of the above
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Bone is a rigid organ that makes vertebrate skeleton and protect the different organs of the body. It produces blood cells, store mineral, and help in mobility.

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