Which of the following is an example of where interneurons are found? i) Within the spinal cord ii) Between the motor neuron and the effector iii) Between a sensory receptor and a sensory neuron Oi only O ii only iii only Oi and ii only i and iii only
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- When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns. Why/how is this possible?Several of the events that occur between the time a physician strikes apatient’s patellar tendon with a rubber hammer and the time the quadriceps femoris contracts (knee-jerk reflex) are listed below:(1) increased frequency of action potentials in sensory neurons(2) stretch of the muscle spindles(3) increased frequency of action potentials in the alpha motor neurons(4) stretch of the quadriceps femoris(5) contraction of the quadriceps femorisWhich of the following most closely describes the sequence ofevents as they normally occur?a. 4,1,2,3,5 c. 1,4,3,2,5 e. 4,2,3,1,5b. 4,1,3,2,5 d. 4,2,1,3,5Absence of a tendon jerk could result from any of the following conditions, except :-a- lesions of supraspinal facilitatory centersb- lesions of the efferent neuronsc- lesions of the afferent neuronsd- lesions of the spinal nerve centers
- Huntington’s disease causes too much ballistic movement due to which of the following reasons? Group of answer choices Loss of the inhibitory connection between the striatum and the globus pallidus external Loss of the inhibitory connection between the striatum and the globus pallidus internal Loss of the inhibitory connection between the globus pallidus external and the globus pallidus internal Increased activity of globus pallidus internal neuronsMike is a 34-year old male who reports to the ER after a motorcycle accident. MRI results show that he transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. Which of the following best describe his condition? O paraplegia O hemiplegia quadriplegia O spinal shock only O none of the above Next « PreviousWatch this short video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/facialnerve) to see an examination of the facial nerve usingsome simple tests. The facial nerve controls the musclesof facial expression. Severe deficits will be obvious inwatching someone use those muscles for normal control.One side of the face might not move like the other side. Butdirected tests, especially for contraction against resistance,require a formal testing of the muscles. The muscles of theupper and lower face need to be tested. The strength testin this video involves the patient squeezing her eyes shutand the examiner trying to pry her eyes open. Why does theexaminer ask her to try a second time?
- A patient has been experiencing numbness and pain in their hands and feet during the winter. They were initially diagnosed with Reynauds (which is caused by an overactive sympathetic nervous system cutting off blood flow to the hands in the cold), but recently they have been experiencing issues with fine motor control in their hands, and the doctor is concerned that it could be Multiple Sclerosis. How could you test to see which condition is causing this? Discuss that how will you treat this patient, if they have MS?Match functions with parts of the central nervous system (CNS) This structure regulates voluntary movements (checks what the brain has instructed against what is actually happening) The primary motor area is located here This structure is a major sensory relay centre Thirst and satiety centres are located hereAn upper motor neuron lesion in the lateral column (lateral corticospinal tract) can result in which of the following problems? Flaccid paralysis, contralateral Flaccid paralysis, ipsilateral Spastic paralysis, contralateral Spastic paralysis, ipsilateral A lower motor neuron lesion in the ventral horn can result in which of the following problems? Flaccid paralysis, contralateral Flaccid paralysis, ipsilateral Spastic paralysis, contralateral Spastic paralysis, ipsilateral
- Write the mnemonics for crainial nerves in 2 setsWhich of the following would result in no movement (i.e. no activation of the motor cortex)? Stimulation of D2 Medium Spiny Neurons Stimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Interna Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Externa Both A & D are correctYou have a patient that has lost all sensation in the muscles innervated by the L5 level of the spinal cord but can still move those muscles. What is the most likely cause of the deficit? Cut L5 Ventral root Cut L5 spinal nerve Cut L5 dorsal root Spinal cord injury at the L5 level 2. You place a recording electrode into a Group Ia afferent and a separate recording electrode into a Group Ib afferent from the biceps muscle. You also place a length transducer and a force transducer on the muscle. Draw what you would expect to record from all of your recording devices at rest for 5 s, during a twitch contraction, and then 5 s after the contraction. Be sure to label all axes of your recordings. 3. A mouse you just discovered has either ALS or myasthenia gravis. Assuming that you can do invasive testing on this mouse, describe how you would figure out which disease the mouse has. You must use some electrophysiological recording in your test. Be specific about what exactly you are…