Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the highest osenotic pressure at 25.0 degrees celcius?
![### Osmotic Pressure in Aqueous Solutions
#### Question:
9. Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the highest osmotic pressure at 25.0 °C?
#### Options:
- **A)** 0.20 M NH₄Cl(aq)
- **B)** 0.30 M HCN(aq)
- **C)** 0.30 M SrSO₄(aq)
- **D)** 0.20 M CaBr₂(aq)
- **E)** 0.20 M NaNO₃(aq)
### Explanation:
To determine which solution has the highest osmotic pressure, we'll need to consider the molarity of the solutions and the number of particles into which each solute dissociates in solution. Osmotic pressure (\(\pi\)) can be described by the equation:
\[
\pi = iMRT
\]
where \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor (number of particles the solute dissociates into), \(M\) is the molarity, \(R\) is the gas constant, and \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin.
Let's analyze each option in detail:
- **A)** 0.20 M NH₄Cl(aq) — Dissociation: NH₄Cl → NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 2
- **B)** 0.30 M HCN(aq) — HCN is a weak acid and doesn't fully dissociate in water.
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) ≈ 1
- **C)** 0.30 M SrSO₄(aq) — SrSO₄ is not very soluble in water, so it doesn’t fully dissociate.
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) ≈ 1
- **D)** 0.20 M CaBr₂(aq) — Dissociation: CaBr₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2Br⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 3
- **E)** 0.20 M NaNO₃(aq) — Dissociation: NaNO₃ → Na⁺ + NO₃⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 2
Given this information:
- A: \(\pi = i \times M = 2](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fad75d3c3-f925-415c-aa85-2c90219f0688%2F7545cb03-4314-4b15-b8c8-ea007794cd74%2Fkmn306_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Osmotic Pressure in Aqueous Solutions
#### Question:
9. Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the highest osmotic pressure at 25.0 °C?
#### Options:
- **A)** 0.20 M NH₄Cl(aq)
- **B)** 0.30 M HCN(aq)
- **C)** 0.30 M SrSO₄(aq)
- **D)** 0.20 M CaBr₂(aq)
- **E)** 0.20 M NaNO₃(aq)
### Explanation:
To determine which solution has the highest osmotic pressure, we'll need to consider the molarity of the solutions and the number of particles into which each solute dissociates in solution. Osmotic pressure (\(\pi\)) can be described by the equation:
\[
\pi = iMRT
\]
where \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor (number of particles the solute dissociates into), \(M\) is the molarity, \(R\) is the gas constant, and \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin.
Let's analyze each option in detail:
- **A)** 0.20 M NH₄Cl(aq) — Dissociation: NH₄Cl → NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 2
- **B)** 0.30 M HCN(aq) — HCN is a weak acid and doesn't fully dissociate in water.
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) ≈ 1
- **C)** 0.30 M SrSO₄(aq) — SrSO₄ is not very soluble in water, so it doesn’t fully dissociate.
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) ≈ 1
- **D)** 0.20 M CaBr₂(aq) — Dissociation: CaBr₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2Br⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 3
- **E)** 0.20 M NaNO₃(aq) — Dissociation: NaNO₃ → Na⁺ + NO₃⁻
Van't Hoff factor (\(i\)) = 2
Given this information:
- A: \(\pi = i \times M = 2
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY