**Buffer Systems in Aqueous Solutions** **Question:** Which of the following aqueous solutions are good buffer systems? 1. \(0.37 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium nitrate} + 0.22 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium chloride}\) 2. \(0.18 \, \text{M} \, \text{hydrofluoric acid} + 0.20 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium fluoride}\) 3. \(0.18 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium hydroxide} + 0.24 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium chloride}\) 4. \(0.27 \, \text{M} \, \text{nitric acid} + 0.20 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium nitrate}\) 5. \(0.26 \, \text{M} \, \text{ammonia} + 0.33 \, \text{M} \, \text{ammonium bromide}\) **Explanation of Buffer Systems:** - **Buffers** are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. - A typical buffer solution is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. - Examples in this context include combinations where a weak acid, such as hydrofluoric acid, pairs with its salt form, sodium fluoride. Another example is a weak base, like ammonia, combined with its salt form, ammonium bromide.

Buffer Systems in Aqueous Solutions Question: Which of the following aqueous solutions are good buffer systems? 1. \(0.37 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium nitrate} + 0.22 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium chloride}\) 2. \(0.18 \, \text{M} \, \text{hydrofluoric acid} + 0.20 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium fluoride}\) 3. \(0.18 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium hydroxide} + 0.24 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium chloride}\) 4. \(0.27 \, \text{M} \, \text{nitric acid} + 0.20 \, \text{M} \, \text{sodium nitrate}\) 5. \(0.26 \, \text{M} \, \text{ammonia} + 0.33 \, \text{M} \, \text{ammonium bromide}\) Explanation of Buffer Systems: - Buffers are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. - A typical buffer solution is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. - Examples in this context include combinations where a weak acid, such as hydrofluoric acid, pairs with its salt form, sodium fluoride. Another example is a weak base, like ammonia, combined with its salt form, ammonium bromide.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter14: Equilibria In Acid-base Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 32QAP: Enough water is added to the buffer in Question 30 to make the total volume 5.00 L. (a) Calculate...

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