Types of Chemical Bonds
The attractive force which has the ability of holding various constituent elements like atoms, ions, molecules, etc. together in different chemical species is termed as a chemical bond. Chemical compounds are dependent on the strength of chemical bonds between its constituents. Stronger the chemical bond, more will be the stability in the chemical compounds. Hence, it can be said that bonding defines the stability of chemical compounds.
Polarizability In Organic Chemistry
Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
A coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, which is a type of covalent bond. It is formed between two atoms, where the two electrons required to form the bond come from the same atom resulting in a semi-polar bond. The study of coordinate covalent bond or dative bond is important to know about the special type of bonding that leads to different properties. Since covalent compounds are non-polar whereas coordinate bonds results always in polar compounds due to charge separation.
Which member of each pair has more ioniccharacter in itsbonds: (a) BeF₂ or CaF₂; (b) PbF₂ or PbF₄; (c) GeF₄ or PF₃?
(a)
The electronegative value of beryllium is 1.5 and that of fluorine is 4.0.
The electronegative difference between beryllium and fluorine atoms is 2.5.
The electronegative value of calcium is 1.0.
The electronegative difference between potassium and fluorine atoms is 3.0.
Therefore, the bond between calcium and fluorine atoms is more ionic.
Hence, calcium fluoride (CaF2) has more ionic character in its bonds.
(b)
The oxidation state of lead in PbF2 is +2 whereas in PbF4 is +4.
According to Fajan's rule, the ionic bond favored between larger cation and smaller anion.
The ion with greater positive change has the smaller size. So, Pb2+ ion has the larger size Hence, lead (II) fluoride ( PbF2) has more ionic character in its bonds.
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