Which macromolecule holds your genetic information, providing the instructions to manufacture proteins?

Figure 3.23 Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on the surface of a soluble protein, and which would you expect to find in the interior? What distribution of amino acids would you expect to find in a protein embedded in a lipid bilayer?

Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do a proteins side groups influence its interactions with other substances? What happens when a protein is denatured?

What are ribosomes made of? Do ribosomes carry information to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins?

Identify the features of tRNA that are important in decoding genetic information and converting it into protein language.

A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon for each codon? What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? (Use Figure 13-5 to help answer this question.) Figure 13-5 The genetic code The genetic code specifies all possible combinations of the three bases that compose codons in mRNA. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 specify amino acids (see Figure 3-17 for an explanation of abbreviations). The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also signals the ribosome to initiate translation (start). Three codonsUAA, UGA, and UAGdo not specify amino acids; they terminate polypeptide synthesis (stop).

Below is the structure of glycine. Draw a tripeptide composed exclusively of glycine. Label the N-terminus and C-terminus. Draw a box around the peptide bonds.

If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?

Indicate in which category, transcription or translation, each of the following functions belongs: RNA poly-merase, ribosomes, nucleotides, tRNA, pre-mRNA, DNA, anticodon, amino acids.

How does RNA differ from DNA?