Which is the proper order of events in cell-mediated immunity? (1) Cloning of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells(2) Antigen presented to T lymphocyte(3) Activation of T lymphocytes(4) Cytotoxic T cells attack target cells Select one: a. 3, 2, 4, 1 b. 1, 4, 2, 3 c. 2, 3, 4, 1 d. 2, 3, 1, 4 e. 1, 2, 3, 4,

Q: They type of acquired immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum is called: a.…

A: Inoculation is a type of immunization that involves introducing an infectious material onto an…

Q: which of the following is true about the immune system? check all that apply. a. cd8 t cells…

A: Introduction The main function of the immune system is to protect us from foreign substances and…

Q: Which does NOT describe humoral immunity? Group of answer choices a. Antibodies are secreted by…

A: everyday we are exposed to large number of infectious agent post op however only a few of these…

Q: Identify the function of the Purkinje fibres. Select one: O a. O b. O c. O d. act as a pacemaker and…

A: The conducting system of heart consists of SA node, AV node, Right and left AV bundles, purkinje…

Q: What is a cytokine? A ) a. a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells…

A: Cytokines low molecular weight regulatory proteins secreted by various cells in the body in response…

Q: John frequently encountered bacterial infections. Tests for immune cells showed the presence of…

A: Complement cascade is the part of innate immunity that consists of lot of proteins acting in a…

Q: What is the innate nonspecific immune system? O a. the production of antibody molecules against…

A: Answer : Option (a) is right. - the production of antibody molecules against pathogens.

Q: Once Tfh cells have been activated against vaccine delivered intramuscularly which Constant (C)…

A: There are five classes of immunoglobulin or antibodies. All these antibodies have variable and…

Q: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfectinga. B lymphocytes.b. cytotoxic T…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfecting

Q: interferons: a. cause inflammation b. inhibit viral infection c. aid in phagocytosis d. decrease…

A: Introduction: There are various methods by which chemical mediators can start an immune response.…

Q: Which of the following is a function of cytokines? A. Promote antibody invaders. B. Help T cells…

A: Cytokines : These are small proteins which are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of…

Q: Which structure is not functioning properly if an electrical device is needed to stimulate the atria…

A: The heart has an electrical conduction system that consists of a highly constricted and controlled…

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.  A vaccine is effective because  a. The…

A: Vaccine contain weak or inactive parts of particular antigen that triggers an immune response…

Q: .

A: There are two types of the T cells based on the glycoprotein attached , these are CD4 cells and the…

Q: Immunosuppression is a lowering of the responsiveness ofthe immune system to materials it recognizes…

A: The immune system safeguards the body against harmful pathogens. The immune cells (B-cells, T-cells,…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense? a. mucus b.…

A: The body is protected from pathogens by various antipathogenic mechanisms going on in the various…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding negative selection of B cells is correct? a. Negative…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: The adaptive (specific) defense system: a. is the body's first line of defense against invading…

A: The two parts of the immune system are innate and the adaptive(acquired) immune system.

Q: Which of the following groups are not correctly matched? а. Neutrophils---antigen presenting cell b.…

A: Introduction: An immune system is a huge organization of cells and tissues that is continually…

Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Select one: O a. lymphocytes: innate immune response b.…

A: The immune system assaults and eliminates, or attempts to destroy, chemicals or germs, like bacteria…

Q: Immune responses tailored to specific antigens involvea. T cells.b. macrophages.c. monocytes.d.…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the…

A: The immune framework is an organization of natural cycles that shields a living being from…

Q: What types of immune responses are part of your innate defence system? Select all that apply. Da.…

A: Introduction :- The innate defense system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens or…

Q: Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine…

A: The interferon gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of type II class of…

Q: Where do naïve cytotoxic T cells encounter foreign antigens and become activated cytotoxic T cells?…

A: Naive t- cells are basically T- lymphocytes that have never been exposed to antigens since their…

Q: Your neighbor gets treated with an antibody therapy for an infection (donor antibodies were given to…

A: A very strong network of cells, organs, and tissues that guard the body against various infections…

Q: Upon reexposure to a pathogen, a memory B cell can differentiate to which cell type? a. CTL b. naïve…

A: Second line defence or non-specific defence is primarily dependent upon Neutrophils, macrophages and…

Q: Indicate whether the following questions are true (T) or false (F). a. Secondary immune responses…

A: When the body encounters an antigen, immune responses are produced. These immune responses can be…

Q: Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a. are antibodies recognizing specific antigens.…

A: The first line of defense against invading pathogens is the innate immune response. They are also…

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specific immune reactionsagainst the rabies virus?a. T…

A: Viruses are microscopic parasites, typically much smaller than bacteria. They lack the ability to…

Q: Biologists can develop antibodies against nerve growth factor (i.e., molecules that inactivate nerve…

A: The brain is a dynamic structure that undergoes structural modifications throughout the life of an…

Q: Protein receptors found on macrophages that recognize foreign antigens a. toll-like receptors…

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that takes part in protecting the body against foreign…

Q: All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response.  Select the example below that…

A: c. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury. It is the correct option.…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells make contact with T-cells via cellular junctions. Which of the following is…

A: There are different cell junctions that are present between the cells that help in cell…

Q: These two cells destroy an infected cell by releasing chemicals that cause apoptosis. a. NK cell and…

A: A series of certain molecular reactions might cause the death of a biological cell. This phenomenon…

Q: 16. Which cell type assist and interact with both humoral and cell-mediated immunity? A. Macrophages…

A: 16) Helper T cells  along with B cells differentiate into plasma B cells which produces antibodies…

Q: What are the roles of the innate immune system? Select all that apply.   A. identity self vs.…

A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…

Q: Unlike naive T lymphocytes, Select one: a. memory T lymphocytes obtain energy from glycolysis. b.…

A: Naïve T cells are precursors of the memory and effector T cell and naïve T cells do not produce any…

Q: 2) Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to: (Choose all that apply) а. B cells b. T cells Macrophages…

A: The stem cells that give rise to other blood cells are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).…

Q: the part of the anitbody that binds an antigen: a. is known as the Fc fragment. b. is called an…

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Anti-A antibody will react with cells with: a. A-Antigen O b.B-antigen OC. C-antigen d. D-antigen

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an explanation to the body's normal lack of mature lymphocytes that…

A: Lymphocytes develop in the Central lymphoid organ such as thymus and bone marrow. The main  criteria…

Q: The immune system develops                  through exposure to               .

A: Introduction: Immune system: A network of biological processes called the immune system guards an…

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.  Which of the following examples below…

A: An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system erroneously attacks your body. The…

Q: Which are important in nonspecific immune defenses? a. interferons b. lymphocyte activation c.…

A: The immune system is an organ system of the body that is functionally responsible for protecting the…

Q: Which of the following is not a goal of inflammation? A. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and chemical…

A: In case of inflammation that can be several signs that characterized the condition. The redness,…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.