Which division of the autonomic nervous system would likely be activated if a student learned that an exam they had forgotten about would start in 5 minutes? Explain.
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- Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?• Which division of the autonomic nervous system would likely be activated if a student learned that an exam they had forgotten about would start in 5 minutes? Explain. • Which one of the five categories of sensory receptors is primarily dedicated to external stimuli? • Explain what is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin play. Thin filaments feee Binding of a new mol- ecule of ATP releases the myosin head from actin, and a new cycle begins. Thick filament Thin filament moves toward center of sarcomere. Myosin head (low- energy configuration) Releasing ADP and ℗. myosin returns to its low-energy configuration, sliding the thin filament Starting here, the myosin head is bound to ATP and is in its low-energy configuration. -Myosin head (low- energy configuration) Cross-bridge Thin filament Thick filament Actin The myosin head hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate () and is in its high-energy configuration. Myosin binding…We've referred to alpha-motor neurons as the "decision making centre" for whether or not a muscle fibre contracts. Which of the following statements are true with regards to his concept? Select all that apply. O Alpha motor neurons receive input from many different sources, the balance of which determines whether or not the alpha-motor neuron fires an action potential O Alpha motor neurons are involved in conscious decision making in our central nervous system for planning and executing movements O When an action potential is initiated in an alpha-motor neuron, we are guaranteed an action potential in the muscle fibre, and hence contraction of that fibre. This means the muscle itself does not determine whether or not it contracts O Alpha motor neurons report information on where we are in space (proprioception) back to the central nervous system
- Now in your own words, EXPLAIN (1) howa neural impulse is transferred to a muscle cell this is the process of “muscle excitation"), and (2) how the electrical impulse travels into he T-tubules and causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic retículum (this is the process of “excitation-contraction coupling"): OMADidoinos reticulum 5. se mo S1e hosph erah anismWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearlsâ€� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?The release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubulesâ€� and what is their role? (b) Please also describe how actin-binding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.
- 27. Which of the following seutences is NOI curreet? I Myotibroblast is a connective tissse cell that contuns propemes of sanooth muscle celle III Ounonin is the eall mevement of salts fomaegian af higher cancentration to a repion of lauer couccutrutsen darongh a pertially permcalble ueubnae IV. chrcuos uf circalating RBCa nE cuained in the sucleus v. Catctiol (acuve form of vataman D) elevates blood Ca" by actung ca atestne, kadaeys and stiulate osteoblant setivityThe discharge from Golgi tendon organs initiated by excessive stretch ofa skeletal muscle produces :-a- inhibition of α -motor neurons of antagonistic musclesb- inhibition of γ-motor neurons of antagonistic musclesc- inhibition of α -motor neurons of the same muscled- stimulation of γ-motor neurons of the same muscleAntigarvity muscles maintain stretch reflex for prolonged periods withoutfatigue, because :-a- they are heavily innervated by α -motor neuronsb- they obtain their energy needs mainly from anaerobic metabolic processesc- they contain exceptionally high levels of creatine phosphated- they are rich in mitochondria
- 5. Identify the structures in this diagram of a muscle fiber Describe the function of each structure. 8) 4 9) Modifed by C Seiwert from original by Shaleta madepn Original uploadr was.ermyempat enwkipediaruti werk Abduramanii2 tulk) - Skeital muscda.ont. Pubfic Damain httn/commans.wikimedortwhdechaPeurid-10M Number Name Function 1 3. 4 6. 7 8 00 000 00 2.Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettereditem.Challenge Yourself1. motor nervoussystem2. effector3. oligodendrocyte4. chromatophilicsubstance5. collaterals6. microglial cells7. multipolar neurons8. interneuron9. chemical synapse10. dendritea. skeletal muscle fiberb. neuron part that usuallyreceives incoming impulsesc. stain darkly with basic dyesd. transmits motor informatione. uses a neurotransmitterf. makes myelin sheaths in CNSg. neurons with multipledendritesh. side branches of axonsi. respond to CNS infectionj. sensory to motor neuroncommunicationfromthe Brain Stom 33. Acetylcholine (Ach) is the neurotransmitter at the neuro-muscular junction. The motor neuron releases Ach which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to Ach- receptors (called nicotinic-receptors) on the post-synaptic muscle cell. Ach- receptor-blockers keep the Ach from binding to the nicotinic-receptors and therefore, block the action potential from occurring in the muscle-cell. This is the mode of inhibiting and paralyzing the skeletal muscles during surgery. Why might this be useful and necessary? a. without the Ach-receptor blocker the spinal-reflexes would cause the body to respond to the surgeons' knife. b. the ACh-receptor blocker is used to disable the motor cortex c. the ACh-receptor blocker completely inhibits the sympatheticand parasympathetic nervous systems, allowing the medical team to control all fundamental physiologic systems. d. the Ach-receptor blocker is used to disable the sensory cortex. piling the a Somatosons b. Sym ussystom