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Which direction were the glacial lobes moving during the last ice age?

Which direction were the glacial lobes moving during the last ice age?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Which direction were the glacial lobes moving during the last ice age?

SHADED ELEVATION MAP OF OHIO ERIE LAKE o10 20 30 40 miks O 10 20 30 40 kilomesars SCALE 12000 D00 427-500 Land elevation in feet Lake Erie water depth in feet 800-900 Recommended citation: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 2002 2o0a. earh-tone versian: Ohio Depatment 500-600 600-700 700-800 900 1000 1000-1100 1100-1200 1200-1300 1300-1400 1400-1500 >1500
Transcribed Image Text:SHADED ELEVATION MAP OF OHIO ERIE LAKE o10 20 30 40 miks O 10 20 30 40 kilomesars SCALE 12000 D00 427-500 Land elevation in feet Lake Erie water depth in feet 800-900 Recommended citation: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 2002 2o0a. earh-tone versian: Ohio Depatment 500-600 600-700 700-800 900 1000 1000-1100 1100-1200 1200-1300 1300-1400 1400-1500 >1500
O gheat einationAn upi the Bellefontaine A lare lak, called La , frd in the muperal ni bedrck that a p dte f p Erhut untnded overa m Ohip Ancent Lake Maumee water lavela wire anout 20 imu ad of lla Oh the Purn ite headwat in Narth c Virginia nd 1 o valey it The ne SHADED EI This map depicta the topographic relief of Ohin'a landacape using color to mupent elevation intervale. The colariaed topography has been digi- tally shaded from the northweat alightly above the horizon to give the a lier impoded the outhward-advancing glaciers, causing them to split into two lobes, the Miami Lobe on the west and the Scisto Labe on the east Ridgen of thick aaumulations of glacial material, called moraines, drape arund the outlier and ae distinct feature on the map. Some maraines in Ohio ap- pearance of a three-dimensional surface. The map in band on elevation data from the U.S. Geological Survey'a National Elevation Dutaset; the grid spacing for the data in 30 meters. Lake Erie water deptha are derived from National Oevanie and Atmospheric Administration data. This digi- tally derived map showa detaila of Ohios topography unlike any map aof the past. Some of Ohis'e more striking topographic features are outlined an the int map below and deneribed in the following paragrapha. re more than 200 milen long. Twe other glacial laben, the Killbuck and the Grand River Laben, ae prnt in the northern and northeastem portiona of the wtate. 4 Eastern Continendal DivideA continental drainage divide extende o are eant-weat acro northerm Ohin Surface water north of this divide flow northward to Lake Erin, eventually over Niagara Falla into lake Ontario, l inte a the Atlantic Oonan. Surface water south of the divide flowa south to the Ohin River, the Minsisippi River, and eventually into the Gulf of Mexica. The divide fallowe the cresta of glacial moraines in wutern Ohin. In north-central and nartheastern Ohin, the divide followa bedrock-con- trolled hilla and glacial valleya containing thick glacial-lake deponita. Ancient Lahe Mammer ahoreline-About Westum Basin Brsti Grand River 5 tizental joe pheet retreated northward sero Ohin. The St. La 14.000 veara am the last e lawrne Bea tcon- fthe way wan blocked by glacial ien, and glacial meltwater crmatod laku in front timaf Lake Leku Maumen, Killbuck Lobe/ d in the guneral pinl- than modern I Waash Rever Beache and The ancient ± sandy ach beachen are visihle on the map an long, thin ridgea on the aurrounding flat laku terrain. Other beach ridgen farmed a ti before rising to ita current level of approsimately 572 fest above a level. Lake Erie in the ahallowest of the Grat Laken and has three hasine the wentern (average 30 foet in depth), central (averagea 60 feet in depth). and eastern (not ahown on map averagua 80 feet in depth; maximum depth in ahout 212 et). 6 Ohio'a lancent elesation-The lowt urlace elevation in Ohio is about 455 foet abervre ea level and in located where the Ohio River exita the state at the extreme uthwenten the water level receded in stage Sooto Lube Mami Lobe a comer of Ohio. A north-aouth-tnnding remnant of the 1 Ohio in distinetly viaible an thia map. the Teaya River lowed northweat a the area of prent Pram rrinin and We day Wheeleraburg. The Teaya River cut a d through southern Ohin. This valley, partially filled with clay, silt tand sand, containa only a small stream today and remaina dearly vie- ible on the map a far as Chillicothe. North of Chillicnthe, the valley in buried beneath hundreda of fet of glacial udiment but can be traced ue- ing well data to Circleville the buried valley then turna northwtward, pasing beneath Rpringfield and Grand Lake St. Marys and into etem Indiana. In parta of wotern Ohin, the valley lina benenth 700 fet of gla- aally derived material. The vallay commenly in about 200 to 300 feet deep and han teep to near-vertical walle. 3 Allegheny Eararpmentlleyund the glacial boundary the Allegheny Ecarpment of outhern land surface changen ahruptly from the flatter, lower terrain in the weet, which is underlain by soft carbonate rocks, to the higher, steeper terrain in the east, which is underlain by ahale and sandatone. To the narth, the Rcarpment was afficted by glaciation, making it a le distinet topo- graphic Seature. The Allegheny Escarpment curreaponda to a alight in- crease in the dip (tilt) of the mck layura a they dencnd eastward into the Appalachian Basin. 9 Sarfae lineament-A wt-northwest-trending lineament (a linear to V - Circleville C - Chillicothe G- Grand Lake St. Marya w = Wheelersburg Direction of ice flow in glacial lobes S = Springfield 1 Glacial boundary-Cantinental ice aheuta several thousand Soet thick ulpted about two-thirds of Ohin'a landacape and, upon melting, deposited material formerly incorporated in or beneath the ice. This boundary marka the wouthernmt known extent of glacial ice in Ohin. Topography in the glaciated partion of Ohio ia mnth compared te the highly discted, Ohin in farther marth than the boundary in weaterm Ohio becaune the erasion-ristant bedrock hilla in enstern Ohio impeded uthward glacial advances. glacial boundary in central and hwentern Ohio typically eprenta the agu glacier marks a distinet change in topography. The unglaciated part of Ohin. The glacial boundary in eastern The The ast-weat-ariented boundary mum advan of Winconsinan-age (14,000-24,000 year ago) glaciera. 2 Nlinsian till area-Thin till (an unsorted mixture of glacially depas- ited clay, silt, sand, and cobblea) af Ilinaian age in at the urface in a 10- to pgraphic 40-mile-wide belt between the Illincian and Winconsinan maximum ad- e mi. Seature an the Karth's urfis) aro at-ntral Ohio is dia- an the River flow in portiona of this linear topagraphic deprmion. n thie belt is trnic tintly vinibl md = till plaina to the north and wt and the dinected, 1 bedrock to the scutheast. The urface deposita in thin belt are a by lo (wind-blown silt) over thin till an ridge tope and ea ia reterred to as the has beun attributed to fractures in the urface d la laulta pent denper in the hurfaen. , north-northeast-trunding, ridgelike Drainage Divide, named after the Belmont nal Surfae water west r ix an erosional remnant of Devonian-age lime- aof the divide flow wstward into a rion af low-gradient creeks, auch an the Sandy, Comotton, and Stillwater, and then to the Tuscarawan River. Surface water eaat of the divide flowa astwand into a rin of high-gradi- ent, rapidly down-cutting creeka that flow into the Ohio River. The ridge in at an elevation of about 1,260 to 1,280 fet above ea level and paraten flat Although poorly understond, thie feature, characteried 10 Flashing in santem Ohin in the Fluhing y village of Flushing where it isul thick colluvium (weathered hedrock) on slopea. lara portiona of Champaipn, Lagan, and Union Countien in west- central Ohia The outlier atone, dolomite, and ahale that lion 25 milon weat of the main outerop of Devanian-age rock in Franklin and Delaware Countien in central Ohis. The outlier in mantled by up to 100 fret of till, which adda to the outliers beight. Campbell Hill, the highest elevation in Ohio at 1,549 fiet above a level, in an the outlier. The higher, mare sistant bedrock of the cut- helt two ald Tay-era drainage haina.
Transcribed Image Text:O gheat einationAn upi the Bellefontaine A lare lak, called La , frd in the muperal ni bedrck that a p dte f p Erhut untnded overa m Ohip Ancent Lake Maumee water lavela wire anout 20 imu ad of lla Oh the Purn ite headwat in Narth c Virginia nd 1 o valey it The ne SHADED EI This map depicta the topographic relief of Ohin'a landacape using color to mupent elevation intervale. The colariaed topography has been digi- tally shaded from the northweat alightly above the horizon to give the a lier impoded the outhward-advancing glaciers, causing them to split into two lobes, the Miami Lobe on the west and the Scisto Labe on the east Ridgen of thick aaumulations of glacial material, called moraines, drape arund the outlier and ae distinct feature on the map. Some maraines in Ohio ap- pearance of a three-dimensional surface. The map in band on elevation data from the U.S. Geological Survey'a National Elevation Dutaset; the grid spacing for the data in 30 meters. Lake Erie water deptha are derived from National Oevanie and Atmospheric Administration data. This digi- tally derived map showa detaila of Ohios topography unlike any map aof the past. Some of Ohis'e more striking topographic features are outlined an the int map below and deneribed in the following paragrapha. re more than 200 milen long. Twe other glacial laben, the Killbuck and the Grand River Laben, ae prnt in the northern and northeastem portiona of the wtate. 4 Eastern Continendal DivideA continental drainage divide extende o are eant-weat acro northerm Ohin Surface water north of this divide flow northward to Lake Erin, eventually over Niagara Falla into lake Ontario, l inte a the Atlantic Oonan. Surface water south of the divide flowa south to the Ohin River, the Minsisippi River, and eventually into the Gulf of Mexica. The divide fallowe the cresta of glacial moraines in wutern Ohin. In north-central and nartheastern Ohin, the divide followa bedrock-con- trolled hilla and glacial valleya containing thick glacial-lake deponita. Ancient Lahe Mammer ahoreline-About Westum Basin Brsti Grand River 5 tizental joe pheet retreated northward sero Ohin. The St. La 14.000 veara am the last e lawrne Bea tcon- fthe way wan blocked by glacial ien, and glacial meltwater crmatod laku in front timaf Lake Leku Maumen, Killbuck Lobe/ d in the guneral pinl- than modern I Waash Rever Beache and The ancient ± sandy ach beachen are visihle on the map an long, thin ridgea on the aurrounding flat laku terrain. Other beach ridgen farmed a ti before rising to ita current level of approsimately 572 fest above a level. Lake Erie in the ahallowest of the Grat Laken and has three hasine the wentern (average 30 foet in depth), central (averagea 60 feet in depth). and eastern (not ahown on map averagua 80 feet in depth; maximum depth in ahout 212 et). 6 Ohio'a lancent elesation-The lowt urlace elevation in Ohio is about 455 foet abervre ea level and in located where the Ohio River exita the state at the extreme uthwenten the water level receded in stage Sooto Lube Mami Lobe a comer of Ohio. A north-aouth-tnnding remnant of the 1 Ohio in distinetly viaible an thia map. the Teaya River lowed northweat a the area of prent Pram rrinin and We day Wheeleraburg. The Teaya River cut a d through southern Ohin. This valley, partially filled with clay, silt tand sand, containa only a small stream today and remaina dearly vie- ible on the map a far as Chillicothe. North of Chillicnthe, the valley in buried beneath hundreda of fet of glacial udiment but can be traced ue- ing well data to Circleville the buried valley then turna northwtward, pasing beneath Rpringfield and Grand Lake St. Marys and into etem Indiana. In parta of wotern Ohin, the valley lina benenth 700 fet of gla- aally derived material. The vallay commenly in about 200 to 300 feet deep and han teep to near-vertical walle. 3 Allegheny Eararpmentlleyund the glacial boundary the Allegheny Ecarpment of outhern land surface changen ahruptly from the flatter, lower terrain in the weet, which is underlain by soft carbonate rocks, to the higher, steeper terrain in the east, which is underlain by ahale and sandatone. To the narth, the Rcarpment was afficted by glaciation, making it a le distinet topo- graphic Seature. The Allegheny Escarpment curreaponda to a alight in- crease in the dip (tilt) of the mck layura a they dencnd eastward into the Appalachian Basin. 9 Sarfae lineament-A wt-northwest-trending lineament (a linear to V - Circleville C - Chillicothe G- Grand Lake St. Marya w = Wheelersburg Direction of ice flow in glacial lobes S = Springfield 1 Glacial boundary-Cantinental ice aheuta several thousand Soet thick ulpted about two-thirds of Ohin'a landacape and, upon melting, deposited material formerly incorporated in or beneath the ice. This boundary marka the wouthernmt known extent of glacial ice in Ohin. Topography in the glaciated partion of Ohio ia mnth compared te the highly discted, Ohin in farther marth than the boundary in weaterm Ohio becaune the erasion-ristant bedrock hilla in enstern Ohio impeded uthward glacial advances. glacial boundary in central and hwentern Ohio typically eprenta the agu glacier marks a distinet change in topography. The unglaciated part of Ohin. The glacial boundary in eastern The The ast-weat-ariented boundary mum advan of Winconsinan-age (14,000-24,000 year ago) glaciera. 2 Nlinsian till area-Thin till (an unsorted mixture of glacially depas- ited clay, silt, sand, and cobblea) af Ilinaian age in at the urface in a 10- to pgraphic 40-mile-wide belt between the Illincian and Winconsinan maximum ad- e mi. Seature an the Karth's urfis) aro at-ntral Ohio is dia- an the River flow in portiona of this linear topagraphic deprmion. n thie belt is trnic tintly vinibl md = till plaina to the north and wt and the dinected, 1 bedrock to the scutheast. The urface deposita in thin belt are a by lo (wind-blown silt) over thin till an ridge tope and ea ia reterred to as the has beun attributed to fractures in the urface d la laulta pent denper in the hurfaen. , north-northeast-trunding, ridgelike Drainage Divide, named after the Belmont nal Surfae water west r ix an erosional remnant of Devonian-age lime- aof the divide flow wstward into a rion af low-gradient creeks, auch an the Sandy, Comotton, and Stillwater, and then to the Tuscarawan River. Surface water eaat of the divide flowa astwand into a rin of high-gradi- ent, rapidly down-cutting creeka that flow into the Ohio River. The ridge in at an elevation of about 1,260 to 1,280 fet above ea level and paraten flat Although poorly understond, thie feature, characteried 10 Flashing in santem Ohin in the Fluhing y village of Flushing where it isul thick colluvium (weathered hedrock) on slopea. lara portiona of Champaipn, Lagan, and Union Countien in west- central Ohia The outlier atone, dolomite, and ahale that lion 25 milon weat of the main outerop of Devanian-age rock in Franklin and Delaware Countien in central Ohis. The outlier in mantled by up to 100 fret of till, which adda to the outliers beight. Campbell Hill, the highest elevation in Ohio at 1,549 fiet above a level, in an the outlier. The higher, mare sistant bedrock of the cut- helt two ald Tay-era drainage haina.
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