Which branch of the autonomic nervous system innervates blood vessels? Which layer of the blood vessel wall do these nerves innervate? What are the effectors (cells that carry out the response)?
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system innervates blood vessels? Which layer of the blood vessel wall do these nerves innervate? What are the effectors (cells that carry out the response)?
In vertebrates, the nervous system is of two major types. They are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system innervates most of the body connecting them to the CNS.
PNS has two major parts, somatic and visceral. The somatic part is involved in the innervation of muscles, skin, and joints. The visceral part, also known as the autonomic nervous system innervates the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels. The autonomic nervous system in turn has two parts. The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary processes such as respiration, heartbeat, blood pressure regulation, sexual desires, etc. As the autonomic system is involved in the control of involuntary processes, it is also called the involuntary nervous system.
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