**Question:**Which aqueous solution would have the lowest osmotic pressure at 298K?a) 0.04 M CaCl₂ b) 0.05 M NaBr c) 0.1 M LiBr d) 0.2 M K₂SO₄ **Explanation:**To determine which solution has the lowest osmotic pressure, we can use the formula for osmotic pressure:\[ \Pi = iMRT \]Where:- \(\Pi\) = osmotic pressure,- \(i\) = van't Hoff factor (number of particles the compound dissociates into),- \(M\) = molarity,- \(R\) = ideal gas constant,- \(T\) = temperature in Kelvin.Calculate the effective concentration (\(i \times M\)) for each solution:- **For CaCl₂**: \(i = 3\) (CaCl₂ dissociates into 3 ions: Ca²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻) Effective concentration = \(3 \times 0.04 = 0.12\)- **For NaBr**: \(i = 2\) (NaBr dissociates into 2 ions: Na⁺ and Br⁻) Effective concentration = \(2 \times 0.05 = 0.10\)- **For LiBr**: \(i = 2\) (LiBr dissociates into 2 ions: Li⁺ and Br⁻) Effective concentration = \(2 \times 0.1 = 0.20\)- **For K₂SO₄**: \(i = 3\) (K₂SO₄ dissociates into 3 ions: 2 K⁺ and SO₄²⁻) Effective concentration = \(3 \times 0.2 = 0.60\)The solution with the lowest effective concentration of ions will have the lowest osmotic pressure. Thus, the answer is **b) 0.05 M NaBr**.

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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Step 1: Osmotic pressure:

Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure that would have to be applied to a solution to prevent the flow of solvent into the solution across a semipermeable membrane. This pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the solution. The osmotic pressure can be calculated using the following formula:

П = iMRT,

where:

i = Van't Hoff factor

П= osmotic pressure (atm)

M = molar concentration of solute particles (mol/L)

R = gas constant (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

T = temperature (K)

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