Whenever ice cream sales are high, polio cases are high. And whenever ice cream sales are low, polio cases are low. Ice cream sales and polio incidence are correlated, but there is no direct causal link between polio cases and ice cream sales. In other words...? A. there is something else that causes both the changes in ice cream sales, and the changes in polio cases over the year. B. eating ice cream causes people to visit swimming pools where polio is transmitted. C. having polio causes people to eat more ice cream, but eating ice cream does NOT cause polio.
Whenever ice cream sales are high, polio cases are high. And whenever ice cream sales are low, polio cases are low. Ice cream sales and polio incidence are correlated, but there is no direct causal link between polio cases and ice cream sales. In other words...? A. there is something else that causes both the changes in ice cream sales, and the changes in polio cases over the year. B. eating ice cream causes people to visit swimming pools where polio is transmitted. C. having polio causes people to eat more ice cream, but eating ice cream does NOT cause polio.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Whenever ice cream sales are high, polio cases are high. And whenever ice cream sales are low, polio cases are low. Ice cream sales and polio incidence are correlated, but there is no direct causal link between polio cases and ice cream sales. In other words...?
| A. |
there is something else that causes both the changes in ice cream sales, and the changes in polio cases over the year. |
|
| B. |
eating ice cream causes people to visit swimming pools where polio is transmitted. |
|
| C. |
having polio causes people to eat more ice cream, but eating ice cream does NOT cause polio. |
Transcribed Image Text:### Polio Rates / Ice Cream Sales 1949
This graph displays the relationship between polio cases and ice cream sales throughout the year 1949. It provides two data sets plotted over the months from January to December:
1. **Polio Cases**: Represented by blue diamonds and connected with a blue line. The y-axis on the left indicates the number of polio cases.
2. **Ice Cream Sales**: Denoted by pink squares and connected with a pink line. The right y-axis shows ice cream sales, scaled by multiplying the number of sales by 100 for interpretative purposes.
#### Observations:
- **Trend Over the Year**: Both polio cases and ice cream sales rise from January, peaking during the summer months, and then decline towards December.
- **Peak Months**: The highest number of cases and sales occur around August.
- **Correlation Suggestion**: While the graph visually suggests a correlation between the increase in polio cases and ice cream sales, this should be interpreted with caution, as correlation does not imply causation.
This graph serves as an educational tool in analyzing how observational data can indicate trends and associations, but it emphasizes the importance of further investigation into causative factors.
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