When trying to run, program saysterminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument' what(): stoiAborted (core dumped) ### Code Explanation: Reading Library Data from a FileBelow is a segment of C++ code that reads data from an input file to fill an array of `Book` objects with details such as title, author, checkout status, and the number of holds.```cppvoid readFile (ifstream &northFile, Library northLibrary[], Book northBooks[]){ int i = 0; while(!northFile.eof()) { string temporary; int temp = stoi(temporary); getline(northFile, temporary, '*'); northBooks[i].setTitle(temporary); getline(northFile, temporary, '*'); northBooks[i].setAuthor(temporary); getline(northFile, temporary, '*'); northBooks[i].setCheckedOut(temp); getline(northFile, temporary, '\n'); northBooks[i].setNumHolds(temp); i++; }}```### Detailed Explanation1. **Function Definition** - The function `readFile` accepts three parameters: - `ifstream &northFile`: A reference to an input file stream from which data is read. - `Library northLibrary[]`: An array of `Library` objects. - `Book northBooks[]`: An array of `Book` objects to be populated with data from the file.2. **Variable Initialization** - `int i = 0;`: Initializes an index counter `i` to zero. 3. **Reading Data in a Loop** - The `while` loop runs until the end of the file (`northFile.eof()`) is reached.4. **Reading Each Piece of Data** - `string temporary;`: Declares a string variable to temporarily store data read from the file. - `int temp = stoi(temporary);`: Converts the `temporary` string to an integer and stores it in `temp`.5. **Populating Book Array** - **Title**: - `getline(northFile, temporary, '*');`: Reads a line from the file until a `'*'` delimiter is encountered. This data is assigned to `temporary`. - `northBooks[i].setTitle(temporary);`: Sets the title of the `i`-th `Book` object in the array `northBooks`. - **Author**: - `getline(northFile, temporary, '*');`: Reads the next piece

The error message you received indicates that an invalid argument was provided to the stoi function,…

Answered: When trying to run, program says…

When trying to run, program says terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument' what(): stoi Aborted (core dumped)

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Concept explainers

Exception Handling Keywords

An exception is a situation or anomaly that occurs during the program execution which prevents the execution from continuing further. An exception is an unexpected behavior that can cause the program to stop abruptly.

Question

When trying to run, program says

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument'
what(): stoi
Aborted (core dumped)

### Code Explanation: Reading Library Data from a File

Below is a segment of C++ code that reads data from an input file to fill an array of `Book` objects with details such as title, author, checkout status, and the number of holds.

```cpp
void readFile (ifstream &northFile, Library northLibrary[], Book northBooks[]){
int i = 0;

while(!northFile.eof()) {
string temporary;
int temp = stoi(temporary);

getline(northFile, temporary, '*');
northBooks[i].setTitle(temporary);

getline(northFile, temporary, '*');
northBooks[i].setAuthor(temporary);

getline(northFile, temporary, '*');
northBooks[i].setCheckedOut(temp);

getline(northFile, temporary, '\n');
northBooks[i].setNumHolds(temp);

i++;
}
}
```

### Detailed Explanation

1. **Function Definition**
- The function `readFile` accepts three parameters:
- `ifstream &northFile`: A reference to an input file stream from which data is read.
- `Library northLibrary[]`: An array of `Library` objects.
- `Book northBooks[]`: An array of `Book` objects to be populated with data from the file.

2. **Variable Initialization**
- `int i = 0;`: Initializes an index counter `i` to zero.

3. **Reading Data in a Loop**
- The `while` loop runs until the end of the file (`northFile.eof()`) is reached.

4. **Reading Each Piece of Data**
- `string temporary;`: Declares a string variable to temporarily store data read from the file.
- `int temp = stoi(temporary);`: Converts the `temporary` string to an integer and stores it in `temp`.

5. **Populating Book Array**
- **Title**:
- `getline(northFile, temporary, '*');`: Reads a line from the file until a `'*'` delimiter is encountered. This data is assigned to `temporary`.
- `northBooks[i].setTitle(temporary);`: Sets the title of the `i`-th `Book` object in the array `northBooks`.
- **Author**:
- `getline(northFile, temporary, '*');`: Reads the next piece

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