When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. A measurement of cotinine is therefore a good indicator of how much a person smokes. In the table below are the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the subjects’ cotinine level (ng/mL). Use a significance level of 0.05 and Spearman’s Rank correlation to determine if there is an association between the number of cigarettes smoked and the subjects’ cotinine level. State the null and alternative hypothesis Calculate the test statistic The critical value, and your decision and conclusion. Cigarettes (per day) 60 10 4 15 10 1 20 8 7 10 10 20 Cotinine 179 283 75.6 174 209 9.51 350 1.85 43.4 25.1 408 344
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. A measurement of cotinine is therefore a good indicator of how much a person smokes. In the table below are the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the subjects’ cotinine level (ng/mL). Use a significance level of 0.05 and
- State the null and alternative hypothesis
- Calculate the test statistic
- The critical value, and your decision and conclusion.
|
Cigarettes (per day) |
60 |
10 |
4 |
15 |
10 |
1 |
20 |
8 |
7 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
|
Cotinine |
179 |
283 |
75.6 |
174 |
209 |
9.51 |
350 |
1.85 |
43.4 |
25.1 |
408 |
344 |
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