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HOMEWORK 12
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.With regard to Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials and the resting and active membrane potentials, write down (a- D the directions of the forces indicated, acting on the ion in the table below under the respective condition(s). NB the examples given. lon Condition Electrical/Chemical force Direction of force Chemical e.g....inward.. ****** Na ENa+ = + 60 mV Electrical a. Chemical e.g. ...outward.. EK+ =- 90 mV Electrical b. Chemical C. Na" Emp = 0 mV Electrical d. Chemical K+ Emp =-20 mV ElectricalEach of the following is a correct relationship between action potential phase and channel status except Select one: O A. hyperpolarizing phase; Na channels open O B. repolarizing phase; K channels open O C. depolarization; Na channels open O D. hyperpolarizing phase; K channels open O E. repolarizing phase; Na channels closed
- Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to rest1) A 100-um diameter nerve axon has the following properties: rm = 2.5 x 104 ohm x cm, ri = 1 x 105 ohm/cm, r0 = 0, cm = 3 x 10-8 F/cm. The permeability to Cl- is very high and Cl- ions are at resting potential Vm. A steady inward current is injected into the axon resulting in a Vm of -110 mV at the site of current injection. If the Vm 3 mm from the site of injection is -94.5 mV, what is the resting Vm?Give a detailed, step-by-step description of the stages of an action potential, including a description of and explanation for the refractory periods and the rising and falling phases as well as return to rest. In your explanation, make sure to include 1) summation principles, 2) key membrane potentials (values), 3) location of voltage changes along the membrane, 4) states of the various voltage-gated channels. The more detail, the better. There are 5 main steps.
- Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)If the response time of activation gates of both voltage gated sodium and potassium channels are same once induced by changes in membrane potential, what do you think will happen to generation of action potential when a strong (25 mV) graded potential reaches to axon hillock? Justify your answer with specific reasoning. thanks a lot in advance:)At the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)
- 3) You are investigating the ionic selectivity of an ion channel opened by activation of a specific group of ionotropic receptors. You use the ionic concentrations shown in the following table and determine that the reversal potential for activation of the receptors is -10 mV? Ion Intracellular (mM) Extracellular (mM) Equilibrium Potential (E1on) K+ 140 5 Na+ 10 145 Ca2+ 0.0001 2 Cl- 6. 106 a) Use the Nernst equation to calculate the equilibrium potential for each ion above. b) Is it likely that ion channel is selective to a single ion? Why or why not? c) Provide one possible ionic selectivity for this channel that could give rise to the following reversal potential. d) How would you determine if this possibility is correct?The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the channel responsible for this part, 2. what is the likely ion that is moving and 3. explain which direction the ion had to move to create the measured membrane potential.A True OUTSIDE CELL This cell is at rest. False INSIDE CELL C D T E