When a hydrographic survey of a lake was made to determine the volume of water in it, contours were drawn for the water surface at depths of 3,6,9,12,15, and 20 meters below the surface. The area covered by the waterline was found to be 1,450 sq.m. Also, the areas enclosed by the contours at several depths were as follows: A3=964 sq.m; A6=789 sq.m.; A9=731 sq.m.; A12=653sq.m; A15=499 sq.m., and A20=305sq.m. How many cubic meters of water are contained above the 20-m level?  Calculate the following:

Q: For a very wide channel carries water with flow rate 10 m³/s/m, its water depth is 5 m, bed slope So…

A: Given;Flow Rate (Q) = 10 m3/s/mWater Depth = 5 m Bed Slope (S0) = 0.0002Channel Roughness (n) = 0.01

Q: A center-pivot irrigation system provides water to a sector-shaped portion of a field. Find the…

A:

Q: The Mohr’s circle plot requires use of only the upper half of the circle not the lower half in soil…

A: Mohr’s circle:

Q: A contour map of the lake was prepared as shown below. The area bounded between contours are given…

A:

Q: Calculate the end areas for depths of fill from 0 to 20 ft using increments of 2 ft for level…

A: Width of road bed = 26 ft Side slope = 1-1/2 H:1 V To find:- End area for the depth of 16 ft End…

Mapping

Mapping is the process of representing the surface of the earth, objects on it, and the relative positions of the objects, to a suitable scale. In mapping, a large area of land is measured, surveyed, and plotted. The details of the objects present in the nearby surrounding area are located using conventional signs. All these processes are carried out on a flat paper known as a map.