Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
What would you use as an outgroup? Would it be Bottlenose Dolphin?

Transcribed Image Text:The image is a phylogenetic tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among various mammalian species. The tree is rooted with an "outgroup" consisting of the Monito del Monte, Virginia Opossum, and Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec, serving as a reference point for the divergence times of the included species.
**Key Components:**
- **Branches and Nodes:** Each branch represents a lineage, and nodes (where branches split) indicate common ancestors between the species diverging from that point.
- **Species Labels:** Listed at the tips of the branches, these include species like the Bottlenose Dolphin, Pygmy Whale, various ungulates (e.g., Cattle, Horse), carnivores (e.g., Dog, Cat), primates (e.g., Human), rodents, and other mammals like the Hedgehog and Armadillo.
- **Divergence Times:** The numbers along the branches represent divergence times in millions of years (e.g., 43.87 for Bottlenose Dolphin and Pygmy Whale). The horizontal axis at the bottom provides a scale for these times.
- **Outgroup:** Marked to the far left, the outgroup helps identify the root of the tree, providing a baseline for evolutionary comparisons.
The tree provides a visual representation of how closely related these species are to one another and illustrates the timeline of divergence from their common ancestors.
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