States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![When a person exercises, muscle contractions produce lactic acid. Moderate increases in lactic acid
can be handled by the blood buffers without decreasing the pH of blood. However, excessive
amounts of lactic acid can overload the blood buffer system, resulting in a lowering of the blood pH.
A condition called acidosis is diagnosed if the blood pH falls to 7.35 or lower. Assume the primary
blood buffer system is the carbonate buffer system described in Exercise 45. Calculate what happens
to the (H2CO3]/[HCO; ] ratio in blood when the pH decreases from 7.40 to 7.35.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F074b67c7-a0cf-4d23-af62-b353416b6bd3%2F913d52bd-090f-4a80-b3c6-5ac4fafff176%2F0y66o3p_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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