"What theories of matter looked like at the end of the 19th century?" "How Planck's analysis of heat radiation generated a problem for classical physics?" "What is contained in Einstein's 1905th proposal of the light quantum?"
1) At the end of the 19th century, the classical theory of matter considered that all matter was composed of atoms, however the form of atom was not clearly understood. Mendeleev published a periodic table with different elements showing arranged in pattern and showing similarities and periodic variation. The periodic table contained gaps for undiscovered elements that were later discovered t was shown that he had correctly predicted a number of their properties, including their density, melting point, and atomic weight. Michael Faraday coined the term ‘ion’ to describe the matter within a solution. Arrhenius showed that when salt - which is composed of sodium chloride (NaCl) - dissolves in water, it breaks up into negatively charged chlorine ions (Cl-) and positively charged sodium ions (Na+). British physicist Joseph John “J.J.” Thomson determined the mass to charge ratio of the particles that appear to carry the electric current. Hence by the end of the 19th century, the classical theory of matter explained the matter on the basis of periodic
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