### Title: Understanding Nucleophiles in Substitution ReactionsIn organic chemistry, nucleophiles are critical in substitution reactions, where they can replace leaving groups to form new compounds. The following reactions require specific nucleophiles to facilitate the transformation:#### Reaction (a)- **Substrate Before Reaction:** The molecule is a bromoalkane with the formula C2H5Br, where bromine (Br) is the attached leaving group.- **Transformation Purpose:** Convert the bromoalkane into an alcohol.- **Product After Reaction:** An alcohol with the formula C2H5OH, indicating that the bromine is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OH).- **Required Nucleophile:** Hydroxide ion (OH⁻) is needed to replace the bromine with the hydroxyl group.#### Reaction (b)- **Substrate Before Reaction:** A bromoalkane with an ether precursor structure, corresponding to C3H7Br.- **Transformation Purpose:** Convert the bromoalkane into an ether.- **Product After Reaction:** An ether with a cyclic structure, suggesting an intramolecular reaction where an oxygen atom is now part of a three-membered ring.- **Required Nucleophile:** An alkoxide ion (such as OR⁻) is needed to facilitate the formation of the ether.These reactions illustrate the importance of choosing the correct nucleophile based on the desired transformation of the substrate into the product. Choosing the appropriate nucleophile allows for effective and efficient synthetic routes in organic chemistry.

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What nucleophile would be required to effect the following reactions? (a) HO. Br (b) Br

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Question

### Title: Understanding Nucleophiles in Substitution Reactions

In organic chemistry, nucleophiles are critical in substitution reactions, where they can replace leaving groups to form new compounds. The following reactions require specific nucleophiles to facilitate the transformation:

#### Reaction (a)

- **Substrate Before Reaction:** The molecule is a bromoalkane with the formula C2H5Br, where bromine (Br) is the attached leaving group.
- **Transformation Purpose:** Convert the bromoalkane into an alcohol.
- **Product After Reaction:** An alcohol with the formula C2H5OH, indicating that the bromine is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OH).
- **Required Nucleophile:** Hydroxide ion (OH⁻) is needed to replace the bromine with the hydroxyl group.

#### Reaction (b)

- **Substrate Before Reaction:** A bromoalkane with an ether precursor structure, corresponding to C3H7Br.
- **Transformation Purpose:** Convert the bromoalkane into an ether.
- **Product After Reaction:** An ether with a cyclic structure, suggesting an intramolecular reaction where an oxygen atom is now part of a three-membered ring.
- **Required Nucleophile:** An alkoxide ion (such as OR⁻) is needed to facilitate the formation of the ether.

These reactions illustrate the importance of choosing the correct nucleophile based on the desired transformation of the substrate into the product. Choosing the appropriate nucleophile allows for effective and efficient synthetic routes in organic chemistry.

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