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What minimum steady state voltage Vin is required to turn the LED on and keep the transistor fully saturated? Assume that the forward bias voltage for the LED is 2 V and there is a 0.2 V collector-to-emitter voltage drop when the transistor is saturated.

What minimum steady state voltage Vin is required to turn the LED on and keep the transistor fully saturated? Assume that the forward bias voltage for the LED is 2 V and there is a 0.2 V collector-to-emitter voltage drop when the transistor is saturated.

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Visit your local library (at school or home) and describe the extent to which it provides literature...
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What minimum steady state voltage Vin is required to turn the LED on and keep the transistor fully saturated? Assume that the forward bias voltage for the LED is 2 V and there is a 0.2 V collector-to-emitter voltage drop when the transistor is saturated.

### Understanding a Simple Transistor Circuit This diagram illustrates a basic transistor circuit used to control an LED (Light Emitting Diode) with a 5-volt power supply. Here's a detailed explanation of each component and how they work together: 1. **Transistor**: The core component in this circuit is the transistor, which acts as a switch. It's shown in the diagram as a three-legged device connecting multiple components: - **Base** (connected to `Vin`): This is the control pin of the transistor. A voltage applied here determines whether the transistor is on or off. - **Collector** (connected to the LED and power supply): This is where the main current flows in from the power supply. - **Emitter** (connected to the resistor and ground): This is where the current flows out to ground. 2. **LED (Light Emitting Diode)**: Positioned between the power supply and the collector of the transistor, the LED emits light when current flows through it. 3. **Resistor (330 Ω)**: Connected between the emitter of the transistor and ground, this resistor limits the current flowing through the circuit, protecting the components from excessive current. 4. **Power Supply (5 V)**: The circuit is powered by a 5-volt supply connected in series with the LED and the collector of the transistor. 5. **Input Voltage (`Vin`)**: This is the control voltage applied to the base of the transistor. When `Vin` is high (sufficient to turn the transistor on), current flows from the collector to the emitter, lighting up the LED. ### How It Works - **Transistor Off**: When `Vin` is not applied or is not sufficient, the transistor remains off, and no current flows through the LED. Thus, the LED remains off. - **Transistor On**: When `Vin` is applied with a sufficient voltage, it turns on the transistor, allowing current to flow from the collector to the emitter. This completes the circuit, and the LED lights up. This simple circuit demonstrates how a transistor can control a higher power component (like an LED) with a lower power signal (like `Vin`).
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding a Simple Transistor Circuit This diagram illustrates a basic transistor circuit used to control an LED (Light Emitting Diode) with a 5-volt power supply. Here's a detailed explanation of each component and how they work together: 1. **Transistor**: The core component in this circuit is the transistor, which acts as a switch. It's shown in the diagram as a three-legged device connecting multiple components: - **Base** (connected to `Vin`): This is the control pin of the transistor. A voltage applied here determines whether the transistor is on or off. - **Collector** (connected to the LED and power supply): This is where the main current flows in from the power supply. - **Emitter** (connected to the resistor and ground): This is where the current flows out to ground. 2. **LED (Light Emitting Diode)**: Positioned between the power supply and the collector of the transistor, the LED emits light when current flows through it. 3. **Resistor (330 Ω)**: Connected between the emitter of the transistor and ground, this resistor limits the current flowing through the circuit, protecting the components from excessive current. 4. **Power Supply (5 V)**: The circuit is powered by a 5-volt supply connected in series with the LED and the collector of the transistor. 5. **Input Voltage (`Vin`)**: This is the control voltage applied to the base of the transistor. When `Vin` is high (sufficient to turn the transistor on), current flows from the collector to the emitter, lighting up the LED. ### How It Works - **Transistor Off**: When `Vin` is not applied or is not sufficient, the transistor remains off, and no current flows through the LED. Thus, the LED remains off. - **Transistor On**: When `Vin` is applied with a sufficient voltage, it turns on the transistor, allowing current to flow from the collector to the emitter. This completes the circuit, and the LED lights up. This simple circuit demonstrates how a transistor can control a higher power component (like an LED) with a lower power signal (like `Vin`).
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