What mass of water ice at −12° C must be added to 0.830 kg of liquid water that is initially at a temperature of 77.0° C, to produce all liquid water at a final temperature of 20.0° C ? The entire system is sealed inside an ideal calorimeter.
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- An unknown substance has a mass of 0.250 kg and an initial temperature of 90.0°C. The substance is then dropped into a calorimeter made of aluminum containing 0.300 kg of water initially at 25.0°C (assume the water and calorimeter start in thermal equilibrium). The mass of the aluminum container is 0.200 kg, and the temperature of the calorimeter increases to a final equilibrium temperature of 32.0°C. Assuming no thermal energy is transferred to the environment, calculate the specific heat of the unknown substance. The specific heat of water is 4186 J/(K*mol) and aluminum is 900 J/(K*mol).A block of copper with a mass of 1.75 kg, initially at a temperature of 150.0°C, is in a well-insulated container. Water at a temperature of 26.0°C is added to the container, and the entire interior of the container is allowed to come to thermal equilibrium, where it reaches a final temperature of 66.0°C. What mass of water (in kg) was added? Assume any water turned to steam subsequently recondenses. ?kgAt time t = 0, a vessel contains a mixture of 10. kg of water and an unknown mass of ice in equilibrium at 0°C. The temperature of the mixture is measured over a period of an hour, with the following results: During the first 50. min, the mixture remains at 0°C; from 50. min to 60. min, the temperature increases steadily from 0°C to 2.0°C. Neglecting the heat capacity of the vessel, determine the mass of ice that was initially placed in it. Assume a constant power input to the container.
- A 40 g block of ice is cooled to -76°C and is then added to 610 g of water in an 80 g copper calorimeter at a temperature of 27°C. Determine the final temperature of the system consisting of the ice, water, and calorimeter. Remember that the ice must first warm to 0°C, melt, and then continue warming as water. The specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/g ·°C = 2090 J/kg°C.A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.5.107 N/m² and a temperature of 23 °C. Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature -78.5 °C to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. (a) What is the final pressure in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? P: 9837079 Pa (b) What is the final pressure if one-tenth of the gas escapes? P 8853371 Pa (c) To what temperature must the tank be cooled to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there is no leakage during cooling)? T: 200.331 K (d) Does cooling the tank appear to be a practical solution to bring the pressure down and reduce the leak? Assume N, N2. Take into account the values calculatesd in parts (a) through (c). No ! No, that's only partially correctSuppose that 0.95 g of steam (aka gaseous water), initially at 100 °C, condenses on a 75.0 g block of iron that is initially at 22 °C. What is the final temperature of the combined system when thermal equilibrium is reached?
- What mass of water at 20.0°C must be allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with a 1.95-kg cube of aluminum initially at 150°C to lower the temperature of the aluminum to 60.0°C? Assume any water turned to steam subsequently recondenses. kgThe "steam" above a freshly made cup of instant coffee is really water vapor droplets condensing after evaporating from the hot coffee. What is the final temperature of 205 g of hot coffee initially at 98.0°C if 3.18 g evaporates from it? The coffee is in a Styrofoam cup, and so other methods of heat transfer can be neglected. Assume that coffee has the same physical properties as water; its latent heat of vaporization is 539 kcal/kg and its specific heat is 1.00 kcal/(kg · °C).A 40-g block of ice is cooled to −69°C and is then added to 650 g of water in an 80-g copper calorimeter at a temperature of 23°C. Determine the final temperature of the system consisting of the ice, water, and calorimeter. (If not all the ice melts, determine how much ice is left.) Remember that the ice must first warm to 0°C, melt, and then continue warming as water. (The specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/g · °C = 2,090 J/kg · °C.) Tf = __ °C My answer of 33°C was incorrect.
- Most automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid that may overflow when the engine is hot. A radiator is made of copper and is filled to its 11.5-L capacity when at 11.0°C. What volume of radiator fluid will overflow when the radiator and fluid reach their 95.0°C operating temperature, given the fluid's volume coefficient of expansion is 400 ✕ 10^−6/°C and that of copper is 51 ✕ 10^−6/°C. Note that most car radiators have operating temperatures of greater than 95.0°C.A 0.100 kg piece of ice at initial temperature −5.00 ◦C is placed in a perfectly insulated container with 1.00 kg (1 L) of water at initial temperature 20.0 ◦C. The container absorbs or releases no heat. All of the ice melts as the system reaches an equilibrium temperature Tf . How much heat must the ice exchange with the rest of the system to raise its temperature to the melting point, 0.00 ◦C? Would this heat exchanged be positive, zero, or negative? Once the ice reaches its melting point, how much heat must the ice exchange with the rest of the system to melt? Would this heat exchanged be positive, zero, or negative? Once the ice melts, it is liquid water at 0.00 ◦C. Write an expression for the heat exchanged by the newly-melted ice QI to reach the equilibrium temperature Tf . Would you expect QI to be positive, zero, or negative? Write an expression for the heat exchanged by the original water QW to reach the equilibrium temperature Tf from its initial temperature. Assuming no…What mass of water at 20.0°C must be allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with a 1.90-kg cube of aluminum initially at 150°C to lower the temperature of the aluminum to 70.0°C? Assume any water turned to steam subsequently recondenses. kg