Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
1. What is wrong with this Lewis structure? The shape is not of concern.
2. Label the formal charges on each atom in each resonance structure below.
![### Question: Analyzing Lewis Structures
#### Problem 1:
**Question:**
What is wrong with this Lewis structure? The shape is not of concern.
**Image Description:**
The Lewis structure consists of three carbon atoms connected in a chain. The first carbon is bonded to three hydrogen atoms, the second carbon has a double bond with the third carbon and a single bond with a hydrogen atom. The third carbon is bonded with a hydrogen atom.
**Notes:**
Analyze the bonds and the valence electrons of each atom to determine any inaccuracies.
#### Problem 2:
**Question:**
Label the formal charges on each atom in each resonance structure below.
**Image Description:**
Resonance structure diagram showing a compound with a sequence of atoms and possible resonance forms.
**Instructions:**
Click on "Show Your Work" to proceed with labeling the formal charges on each atom depicted in the resonance structures provided. Pay close attention to electron distribution and ensure appropriate calculations are made for formal charges.
**Note:**
Formal charge calculations are based on the formula:
\[ \text{Formal Charge} = \text{Valence Electrons} - \text{Non-bonding Electrons} - \frac{\text{Bonding Electrons}}{2} \]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2b52cd77-b3d2-4b5d-8903-b23362bef087%2Fc12582c1-1ecc-4aeb-8d7c-1825e6128b96%2F1553yy6_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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